Dorling Kindersley - English for Everyone: English Grammar Guide: A Comprehensive Visual Reference

Consultant , British Englis h Diane Hall has been working in English language teaching for ov er 30 y ears, as a teacher , tr ainer , editor , publisher , and writer . She has published several b ooks, both general courses and gr ammar books, for major English-language publishers. She has an MA in Applied Linguistics, and is currently also an Associate Lectur er in English gr ammar and functional linguistics at the Open Univ ersity . Consultant , American Engli sh Professor S usan Barduh n is an experienced English-language teacher , teacher tr ainer , and author , who has contributed to numerous publications. In addition to dir ecting English-language courses in at least four dier ent continents, she has been Pr esident of the International Association of T eachers of English as a Fore ign Language, and an adviser to the British Council and the US State Department . She is currently a Pr ofessor at the School of International T r aining in V ermont , U SA .

ENGLISH GRAMM AR GUIDE conditi onal verb negative compara tive noun

US Editors Jenny Siklos, Allison Singer Projec t Editor Ben Ffrancon Davies Art Editors Dominic Cliffor d, Paul Drislane, Sunit a Gahir , Clar e Shedden Editorial Assistants Sarah Edward s, Helen Leech Illustrators Edwood Burn, Michael Parkin Jacket Designers Suhita Dharamjit, Ira Sharma Jacket Editor Claire Gell Jacket Design Devel opment Manager Sophia MTT Pr oduc er , Pr e-Pr oduction Andy Hilliard Produc er Mary Slater Managing Editor Daniel Mills Managing Art Editor Anna Hall Publisher Andre w Macintyre Art Dire ctor Kare n Self Publishing Dire ctor Jonathan Metcalf DK India Senior Managing Art Editor Arunesh T alapatr a Senior Art Editor Chhaya Sajwan Art Editor Meenal Goel Assistant Art Editor Rohit Dev Bhard waj First America n Edition, 2016 Published in the United States by DK Publishing 345 Hudson Str eet, Ne w Y ork, Ne w Y ork 10014 Copyright 2016 Dorling Kindersle y Limited DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LL C 16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 001289769Dec/2016 All rights re served. Without limiting the rights under the copyright r eser ved above, n o part of this publication may be r epr oduc ed, stor ed i n or intro duced into a retri eval syste m, or transmitted, in any f orm, or by any means (electr onic , mechanical, photoc opying, r ecor ding , or otherwise), without the prior written permiss ion of the copyright owner . Published in Gre at Britain by Dorling Kindersl ey Lim ited. A catalo g re cord for this book is available fro m the Library of Congr ess. ISBN 978-1-4654-5154-5 DK books are available at special discounts when pur chas ed in bulk for sal es pr omot ions, pre miums, fund-raising, or educational use. Fo r details, conta ct: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson Str eet, Ne w Y ork, Ne w Y ork 10014 SpecialSales@dk.c om Printed and bound in China All images Dorling Kindersle y Limited For f urther information see: www .d kimages.com A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk .com The prese nt simple The prese nt simple neg ative Present simple ques tions The prese nt continuo us Present tenses ove rv iew Imperat ives The pas t simple The pas t simple negative Past simple ques tions The pas t contin uous The prese nt perf ect simple The pres ent per fect continuou s The pas t perf ect simple The pas t perf ect continuous Used t o and would Past tenses ove rv iew The futur e with g oing to

The future with wil l Object and subjec t q uestio ns The prese nt for fu ture event s Indirec t q uestio ns The future continuous Question tag s The future perf ect Short quest ions The futur e in the pa st Short answer s Future over vie w Question s overv iew The pas sive Report ed spee ch The pas sive in th e pas t Ten ses in re port ed spee ch The pas sive in the future Report ing verbs The pas sive with modals Report ed spee ch with nega tives Other pa ssive constr uctio ns Report ed ques tions Conditional se ntences Report ed spee ch over vie w Other condi tional sent ences Typ es of ve rbs Conditional se ntences ove rv iew Actio n and st ate verb s Future po ssibil ities Infi nitives and par tic iples Wishes an d regret s Ver b patt erns Forming ques tions Ver b patt erns with obje cts Question words Ver b patt erns with prep ositions Open quest ions Phras al verbs

Modal verbs Quantity Abilit y Approxima te quantit y Permiss ion, reque sts, and of fer s Persona l pronouns Sugges tions and ad vice Refle xive pronouns Obligatio ns Indefi nite pronouns Making ded uctio ns Possess ion Possib ility Defin ing relativ e clauses Arti cles Non-defi ning relati ve clauses Artic les over vi ew Other rela tive stru ctur es Thi s / that / the se / thos e Question words with - ever No / none There Each / eve ry Introd uct ory i t Either / neit her / both Shif ti ng focus Singula r and plura l nouns Invers ion Countab le and uncounta ble nouns Ellipsis Subject -verb agree ment Short ening infi nitives Abstract and concrete no uns Substituti on Compound nouns Adject ives Numbers Gradable and non-gradab le adjec tive s

Comparative adjec tive s Linking wor ds over vie w Two comparative s together Prefi xes A s.. . as compari sons Suff ixe s Superlati ve adjec tive s Easi ly confu sed phra ses Adverbs of ma nner Sequencin g and organi zing Comparativ e and superl ative adverb s Correc tin g and changin g the subjec t Adverbs of deg ree Deciding and hedgin g Adverbs of tim e Making co nversa tion Adverbs of fr equency So and such Reference Enough and too Glossary Preposition s Index and Acknowl edgments Prepositio ns of place Prepositio ns of time Other prepo sitions Dependent prepo sitions Coordinati ng conjunc tion s Subordinati ng conjunc tio ns More linking words

The present simple is used to mak e simple statements of fact, to talk about things that happen repeatedly , and to describe things that are alwa ys true. To make the pr esent simple of most ve rbs, use the base form (the innitive without t o). FURTHER EXA MPLES The base form of the verb. W ith he, she, and it , -s is added. HOW TO FORM SUBJECT VERB REST OF SENTE NCE See also: Prese nt continuous Prese nt for future events Adverbs of freque ncy THE PRESENT SIMPLE The base form of the verb t o eat. With h e, sh e, and it , add -s to the base form. Adverbs of frequency are often used with the present simple.