Rise B. Axelrod - The St. Martins Guide to Writing

Macmillan Learning is committed to the goal of providing equal access to all products regardless of an individuals age, ability, or situation and embraces the opportunity to develop services and information technologies that are accessible and usable by all individuals. Accessibility at Macmillan Learning is about extending the power of education to all users. In addition to addressing product compatibility with assistive technologies such as screen reader software, alternative keyboard devices, and voice recognition products, we are working to ensure that the content and platforms we provide are fully accessible.

Macmillan Learning became the first education solutions company to become Global Certified Accessible tm , providing born accessible digital learning (e-book) options for students with disabilities. Books that are born accessible are developed to ensure that all students, no matter their ability, have the same access to information. This is increasingly important for students and instructors, as more than one out of every ten students who attends college has a disability.

To become Global Certified Accessible, Benetech evaluated Macmillan Learnings workflow for creating accessible books, as well as many samples of content across the disciplines they publish in, and certified conformance to the accessible EPUB creation guidelines, which are based on WCAG 2.0 AA+ standards put in place by the international standards organizations and the publishing community. Using a collaborative process, Benetech evaluated and provided feedback on more than one hundred accessibility features. The certification applies to all books created using Macmillan Learning's updated process, which includes all e-books with a 2019 copyright and beyond.

In this book, extended descriptions are present for complex images and graphs that may be helpful to understanding content. These extended descriptions can be accessed via a link on this icon:

When an image provides important pedagogical information, alternative text (which is also known as alt text) is provided for the image. This text is not visible on the page but can be accessed and read with screen reader technology and other assistive technologies. Our alt text is written and reviewed by subject matter experts.

All of our book designs and illustrations are checked to ensure that they meet contrast requirements for WCAG 2.0 AA. Meeting these standards ensures ease of use for users with low vision and color blindness, and can create a more supportive learning environment for users with learning disabilities.

E-book navigation is designed to make it easy for users, with or without assistive technology, to discover and learn from content within the textbook. Text reflows when resized so there is no horizontal scrolling on the page, and page numbers are embedded in the book so that students can always find where they are compared to classmates using the print equivalent. Heading structures are clearly marked up so it's easy to see where you are within the book as you work your way through.

If you have any questions about the accessibility of this e-book or other Macmillan Learning e-books, please reach out to us at .

THIRTEENTH EDITION

• Rise B. Axelrod
• University of California, Riverside

• Charles R. Cooper
• University of California, San Diego

• Ellen C. Carillo
• University of Connecticut

• Wallace T. Cleaves
• University of California, Riverside

Vice President: Leasa Burton

Program Director, English: Stacey Purviance

Senior Program Manager: Laura Arcari

Director of Content Development: Jane Knetzger

Development Manager: Caroline Thompson

Development Editor: Cara Kaufman

Editorial Assistant: Annie Campbell

Director of Media Editorial: Adam Whitehurst

Media Editor: Julia Domenicucci

Marketing Manager: Vivian Garcia

Senior Director, Content Management Enhancement: Tracey Kuehn

Senior Managing Editor: Michael Granger

Senior Manager of Publishing Services: Andrea Cava

Senior Content Project Manager: Lidia MacDonald-Carr

Senior Workflow Project Manager: Jennifer Wetzel

Production Coordinator: Brianna Lester

Director of Design, Content Management: Diana Blume

Interior Design: Jerilyn DiCarlo

Cover Design: William Boardman

Text Permissions Editor: Allison Ziebka-Viering

Text Permissions Researcher: Elaine Kosta, Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Photo Permissions Editor: Alexis Gargin

Photo Researcher: Richard Fox, Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Director of Digital Production: Keri deManigold

Media Project Manager: Allison Hart

Project Management: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Senior Project Manager: Aravinda Doss, Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Editorial Services: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Composition: Lumina Datamatics, Inc.

Copyright 2022, 2019, 2016, 2013 by Bedford/St. Martins. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be permitted by law or expressly permitted in writing by the Publisher.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2021930564

ISBN: 978-1-319-40883-1 (mobi)

1 2 3 4 5 6 26 25 24 23 22 21

Acknowledgments

Text acknowledgments and copyrights appear at the back of the book on pages , which constitute an extension of the copyright page. Art acknowledgments and copyrights appear on the same page as the art selections they cover.

For information, write: Bedford/St. Martins, 75 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116

• Nicole Ball, Sticks and Stones
• Jonathan Escobar, Lost in Translation
• Stephanie Legge, In a Ditch
• Samantha Wright, Starving for Control
• Julia Barojas, Almost Quitting
• Gabriel Zamora, The Game
• James Ziech, Worse Than a Lump of Coal

• Isaiah Williams, To Protect and Serve
• Linda Fine, Bringing Ingenuity Back
• Bonnie Lapwood, Modernizing a Remnant of the Mid-Twentieth Century
• Natasha Farhoodi, Mad World Records

• Katie Angeles, The Forgotten Personality