Gretchen L. Hoffman - Organizing Library Collections: Theory and Practice

Thanks to my family, friends, and colleagues who supported me as I wrote this book. I could not have finished this book without you. A special thank-you to Travis Schulz. Your love and support made all the difference. You kept me going.

I would like to acknowledge the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA). I used two images from their publications in . I contacted them for permission but never received a response.

Gretchen L. Hoffman is an associate professor of library and information studies at Texas Womans University, in Denton, Texas. Her research and teaching interests center on the organization of information, specifically library cataloging. She focuses on issues surrounding the work of catalogers, the cataloging process, and the administration of cataloging departments, with the broader goal of understanding how work is performed in libraries. She also is interested in the teaching and learning of cataloging. She has published several articles and book chapters and has given numerous presentations in these areas.

Hoffman has had an interest in organizing library collections since 1992, when she was a student worker at her undergraduate universitys library, focusing on serials check-in and binding. She continued to work in academic libraries in paraprofessional positions in serials acquisitions and serials cataloging, eventually working as a professional cataloger in both serials and monographs. She especially enjoyed cataloging serials, music scores, and audio recordings. She enjoyed organizing library collections so much that she earned her PhD and started teaching students how to organize library collections. She wants students to understand that organizing library collections is essential to helping users find and use library materials, and that although the work is challenging, it can be a lot of fun, too. She has been teaching in this area since 2004, and has taught fully online courses at Texas Womans University since 2007.

Hoffman earned a PhD in library and information science from Emporia State University in 2008, a master of library science from Emporia State University in 2000, and a bachelor of arts in music from the University of Nevada, Reno, in 1995. She has won several awards for her teaching. In 2011 she was given the Outstanding Faculty Award for Teacher in Distance Education from TWUs College of Professional Education, and in 2013 she was awarded the TWU Faculty Award for Distinction in Distance Education. In 2018 she was given the Award for Outstanding Academic Mentor/Advisor from TWUs College of Professional Education.

A native of northwestern Minnesota living in Texas, she loves the Texas winters but misses the Minnesota summers.

AACR: Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules

AACR1: Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, First Edition

AACR2: Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition

AAT: Art & Architecture Thesaurus

ALA: American Library Association

ALCTS: Association for Library Collections & Technical Services (ALA)

BIBCO: Monographic Bibliographic Record Cooperative Program

BIBFRAME: Bibliographic Framework Initiative

BISAC: Book Industry Standards and Communications

CaMMS: Cataloging and Metadata Management Section (ALA ALCTS)

CCO: Cataloging Cultural Objects

CONSER: Cooperative Online Serials Program

CSM: Classification and Shelflisting Manual (LCC)

CSS: Cascading Style Sheets

DACS: Describing Archives: A Content Standard

DC: Dublin Core

DCMI: Dublin Core Metadata Initiative

DDC: Dewey Decimal Classification

EAD: Encoded Archival Description

FAST: Faceted Application of Subject Terminology

FDLP: Federal Depository Library Program

FRAD: Functional Requirements for Authority Data

FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

FRSAD: Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data

GSAFD: Guidelines on Subject Access to Individual Works of Fiction, Drama, Etc.

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language

HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol

IFLA: International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions

IRI: Internationalized Resource Identifier

ISBD: International Standard Bibliographic Description

ISBN: International Standard Bibliographic Number

ISNI: International Standard Name Identifier

ISO: International Organization for Standardization

ISSN: International Standard Serial Number

LC: Library of Congress

LC-PCC PS: Library of Congress-Program for Cooperative Cataloging Policy Statements

LCC: Library of Congress Classification

LCCN: Library of Congress Control Number

LCDGT: Library of Congress Demographic Group Terms

LCGFT: Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials

LCMPT: Library of Congress Medium of Performance Thesaurus for Music

LCNAF: Library of Congress National Authority File

LCSH: Library of Congress Subject Headings

LITA: Library and Information Technology Association

LRM: IFLA Library Reference Model

MADS: Metadata Authority Description Schema

MARC: Machine-Readable Cataloging

MeSH: Medical Subject Headings

MODS: Metadata Object Description Schema

NACO: Name Authority Cooperative Program

NAF: National Authority File (Library of Congress)

NASIG: North American Serials Interest Group

NISO: National Information Standards Organization

NLM: National Library of Medicine

OCLC: Company name. Formerly called: Online Computer Library Center

OLAC: Online Audiovisual Catalogers

OPAC: Online Public Access Catalog

PCC: Program for Cooperative Cataloging

RBMS: Rare Books and Manuscripts Section

RDA: Resource Description and Access

RDF: Resource Description Framework

SACO: Subject Authority Cooperative Program

SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language

SHM: Subject Headings Manual (LCSH)

SSH: Sears List of Subject Headings

SuDocs: Superintendent of Documents Classification

TEI: Text Encoding Initiative

TGM: Thesaurus for Graphic Materials

URI: Uniform Resource Identifier

URL: Uniform Resource Locator

VIAF: Virtual International Authority File

VRA: Visual Resources Association

W3C: World Wide Web Consortium

WEMI: WorkExpressionManifestationItem (FRBR)

XML: Extensible Markup Language

To my parents, whom I lost far too soon.

Organization is infused into all aspects of our everyday lives. It helps us make sense of the world and function in the world. The purpose of organization is to create a functioning whole, a system whose various parts work together to meet certain goals. Organization is needed everywhere, and systems of organization are created to help us in various ways. A hospital is organized to facilitate the treatment of patients. A retail store is organized to facilitate purchases. A kitchen is organized to facilitate the preparation of food. Individuals and groups organize, too. A person may organize closets, photos, bookshelves, or files to quickly and easily find items. Workplaces organize documents and other items to facilitate work, to make money, and to follow government regulations.