First published in 2010 by Learning Matters Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from Learning Matters Ltd.
2010 Copyright Barrie Sheldon and Paul Wright.
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ISBN: 978 1 84445 592 8
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Introduction: the impact of technology on policing
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
By the end of this chapter you should be able to:
- describe some of the impacts that the growth and rapid development of technology have had on the police service;
- explain how the police service has grasped technological opportunities to respond to the demands of modern-day policing;
- appreciate how both government and the police service have developed strategies to tackle the problem of cyber-crime;
- analyse a number of issues related to the impact of technology on policing.
LINKS TO STANDARDS
This chapter provides opportunities for links with the following Skills for Justice, National Occupational Standards (NOS) for Policing and Law Enforcement 2008.
AE1.1 Maintain and develop your own knowledge, skills and competence.
HA1 Manage your own resources.
HA2 Manage your own resources and professional development.
Links to NOS will be provided at the start of each chapter; however, it should be noted that the NOS are subject to review and it is recommended that you visit the Skills for Justice website to check the currency of all the NOS provided: www.skillsforjustice-nosfinder.com.
Overview of chapters
Each chapter provides a number of tasks that will help to develop your knowledge and understanding of the subject matter and also give you ideas to develop themes for academic assignments. Access to the Internet will be required for completion of tasks and a number of case studies are provided to link theory with practice.
provides a brief historical overview of the development of the World Wide Web, introducing a range of applications that provide the opportunity to use the Internet as an effective intelligence tool. It illustrates both the problems and successes that can be achieved with the use of Internet technology and how different online intelligence analysis techniques can be used together or separately for the detection, investigation and prevention of crime through prosecution, disruption and dismantlement.
explains the processes that are required when investigating cyber-crime and highlights some of the problems that can be faced. It provides the opportunity to develop a skill base, to investigate the abuse of information technology (IT), and to present legal, ethical and professional standards that must be taken into consideration. It also highlights the evidence that might be sought in a wide range of computer crime or misuse investigations, including, but not limited to, theft of trade secrets, theft of or destruction of intellectual property, and electronic fraud.
explores investigation and surveillance on the Internet and introduces a range of technology that is now used in online investigations. Internet forensics is also explained, and this is supplemented with practical advice that highlights the growth of public surveillance on the Internet and how this has impacted on investigations. The chapter also explores some of the issues involved in the use of the Internet as an investigative tool, and includes a section relating to digital intelligence and how it has shaped cyber-crime investigations.
The use of computer forensics is a relatively new discipline and addresses the ever increasing use of computer forensics in combating crime. It provides an understanding of the computer and its applications, as well as how to use them in an investigative role. Forensic analysis is explained and some practical advice is given on how to search computer storage media for evidence. The chapter explains how to face the challenge of understanding both intricate technologies and the principles and practices of serious hi-tech and e-crime investigation.
explores the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV), which has become an essential tool for the police investigator. The growth of CCTV in towns and cities has been profound during the past decade, bringing new opportunities for the investigator. A range of CCTV technology is introduced and the legislation, policy and procedures that an investigator is required to follow when using CCTV evidence are explored. The implications of CCTV technology are considered from a human rights perspective, exploring the safeguards that have been adopted and the so-called Big Brother approach.
A counterfeit is an imitation made with the intent to represent dishonestly its content or origins. The word counterfeit mainly describes forgeries of currency or documents, but can also describe software, pharmaceuticals, watches, patent infringement, and copyright and trademark infringement. explores the offences of counterfeiting and what part technology and the Internet play. It shows how to investigate such crimes from a technical aspect, and where digital and forensic evidence should be sought.
An array of technology is now available to assist the road traffic investigator and measures where innovative technological solutions have been adopted are also explored, such as accident investigation, traffic control and law enforcement.
technology has changed the face of policing. Technologies relating to call handling and deployment, the Police National Computer, digital radio, crime reporting, mobile data devices and crime mapping will be explored. The chapter also examines the growing access to technology within a police custody suite and its implications for the operational officer, custody staff and detainees. The use of CCTV, tape recording of interviews and video identification is also examined.
