Franz Carl Müller-Lyer - The Family

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Routledge Revivals

The Family

First published in 1912 by Alfred A Knopf

This edition first published in 2018 by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1912 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Publishers Note

The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.

Disclaimer

The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.

ISBN 13: 978-0-815-37473-2 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-0-815-37476-3 (pbk)

ISBN 13: 978-1-351-24153-3 (ebk)

The Family

By the Same Author

The Evolution of Modern Marriage

Translated by I. C. W IGGLESWORTH

This study of sex relations from primitive times to the present day embodies considerable learning, so arranged and presented as to throw light on contemporary problems. It is obviously of great importance. Times Literary Supplement.

The History of Social Development

Translated by E. C OOTE L AKE and H. A. L AKE , B.SC.

Introduction by P ROFESSORS L. T. H OBHOUSE and E. J. U RWICK

Second Impression

A monument of human patience and erudition certainly the result of such labour is to prove beyond contradiction that mans most fascinating study is the study of himself. Education.

The Family

by

D R. MLLER-LYER

TRANSLATED BY

F. W. STELLA BROWNE

The German original, Die Familie, was published in Munich in 1912

FIRST PUBLISHED IN U.S.A. IN 1931

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY UNWIN BROTHERS LTD., WOKING

TO MY DEAR FRIEND

D R . HEINRICH BOHLEN

I DEDICATE THIS WORK

Prefatory Note

T HE position of this book in the series Stages of Human Evolution will be clear to those who examine the General Plan and Sequence of Volumes at the end of this book. They will observe that Books III to IX of my Sociology form a closely related group, dealing with the sociology of reproduction or generation, which we term Geneonomy. The third volume introduces the subject, and reference to it will make this fourth volume more easily comprehensible. Nevertheless I trust that The Family is also complete and coherent in itself, and that I have not failed in my promise to make each volume an independent unit.

F. MLLER-LYER

M UNICH , 1911

Contents

The Phaseological Method as an Instrument of Sociological Research, 23. Thinking in Trends of Evolution, 2324. Trends of Evolution in Geneonomy, 24. Definitions: The Three Epochs, 25. Tribal, 25. Familial, 26. Personal, 27.

The Concept of Prehistory, 29. Prehistoric Problems, 31. Cardinal Points in Dispute, 35. Is Humanity Originally Social or Solitary? 36.

I. Arguments for Solitary Origins, 36. Arguments for Social Origins, 37.

II. Is Humanity by Nature Monogamous or Polygamous? 40. (A) Arguments in Favour of Monogamous Theory, 40. (B) Arguments in Favour of Polygamous or Varietist Theory. 45. Systems of Consanguinity: Classification by Age-Groups, 47. Other Proofs of Polygamous Nature of Humanity, 5563.

III. The Exogamous Nature of the Human Sex Impulse, 63. Definitions, 63. Biological Prevalence of Exogamy, 65. Deeper Significance of Varietism for Progress in Man and Nature, 67. Primeval Geneonomy, 70. The Family and its Origins, 74. Stages of Development, 76. Summary of Main Points, 78.

Definition. Representatives. Critique, 80. The Surviving Lower Hunters, 81. Their Sociological Value, 82.

(A) Tribal Institutions of the Early Kinship Phase, 83. The Horde, 83. Capture of Women, 86. Horde Groupings, 88. Australian Kinship Groupings, 88. Kurnai, 89. Narrinyeri, 90. Kamilaroi, 91. Theories of Origin, 92. Taboos and Totemism, 94. Exogamy, Matriarchy, Patriarchy, and Totemism, 96.

(B) Marriage and the Family in the Early Kinship Phase, 99. Causes of the Inferior Status of Savage Women, 103. Key to Marriage and the Family: Economics, 105. Influence of Marriage by Capture, 106. Summary of Main Points, 108.

Origin, 110. Local Extension, 111. Characteristics: Agriculture and Division of Employment, 111.

(A) The Sept or Clan in the Full Tribal Phase, 112. A Regional and Economic Body, 113. Origins of the Maternal Sept, 114. Race Formed by Septs, 115. Examples: The Iroquois, 116. Malay Septs, 120.

(B) Family Life in the Full Kinship Phase, 122. Antagonism between Family and Communal Groups, 123. Honoured Status of Women, 123. Examples: Iroquois, 124. Other Red Indians, 125. Matriarchal Malays, 125. Oceanians and Indonesians, 126. Economic basis of Matriarchate, 128. Summary of Main Points, 129.

Origin, 130. Surplus Wealth and Energy, 130. Dissolution of the Sept, 131. Renewed Subjection of Women, 131. Extent and Examples, 133. Malays, 133. Maoris, 134. Melanesians, 135. Iroquois, 136. Pueblos, 137.

The Various Kinship Phases among Fisher Peoples, 138. Synopsis, 144.

The Late Kinship Phase among Stockbreeding or Pastoral Peoples, 144. The Family among Pastoral Peoples, 148. The Tribe, 149. Summary of Main Points, 149.

Decline and Fall of the Kinship Group, 151. The Family as Ascendant, 152. Causes of Fall of Kinship Institutions, 153. Divisions into Rich and Poor, 153. Masters and Servants, 154. The Military State, 155. Differentiations into Trades, 156.

Extension and Examples, 157. Certain Malay Tribes, 158. Red Indians, 159. Oceanians, 160. Africans, 161. Position of Women, 164. Summary of Main Points, 165. Epilogue, 167.

Former Kinship Organizations among Greeks and Romans, 169. Among Asiatic and American Civilizations, 173.

Matriarchal Survivals, 175. The Legend of Orestes, 176. The Patricians, 177. The Avunculate, 178. Characteristics of the Full Family Phase, 179.

The Patriarchal Joint Household, 179. In China, 180. In Ancient Rome, 182. An Economic Unit, 184. Subjection of Women, 185. Permanent Monogamy, 187.

Contributory Factors, 187. Summary of Main Points, 189.

Origins and Evolution, 191. Trade, Land Monopoly, Credit, Capitalism, 192. The State Changes its Basis from War to Trade, 193. Ethical Amelioration, 193. Household and Capitalism, 194. Law of Integration, 195.

The Roman Patriarchate in Dissolution, 195. Threefold Emancipation of Women, Children, Slaves, 195. Marriage as the Shackles on Women: Types of Marriage: Purchase, Manus, Usus, 196. Trinoctium, 196. Free Marriage, 196. Christianity a Retrogression not an Advance, 197. Legal Emancipation, 197. Children Emancipated from the

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