Weng Eang Cheong - The Hong Merchants of Canton

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T HE H ONG M ERCHANTS OF C ANTON

NORDIC INSTITUTE OF ASIAN STUDIES

Recent Monographs

	S URVIVAL AND P ROFIT IN R URAL J AVA
Sven Cederroth
	T HE S TATE AND I TS E NEMIES IN P APUA N EW G UINEA
Alexander Wanek
	M ISSION AND T AMIL S OCIETY
Henriette Bugge
	F OLK T ALES FROM K AMMU (V OLUME 5)
Kristina Lindell, Jan-jvind Swahn and Damrong Tayanin
	I SLAM AND P OLITICS IN A FGHANISTAN
Asta Olesen
	E XEMPLARY C ENTRE , A DMINISTRATIVE P ERIPHERY
Hans Antlv
	F ISHING V ILLAGES IN T OKUGAWA J APAN
Arne Kalland
	T HE H ONG M ERCHANTS OF C ANTON
Weng Eang Cheong
	A SIAN E NTREPRENEURIAL M INORITIES
Christine Dobbin
	O RGANISING W OMENS P ROTEST
Eldrid Mageli
	T HE O RAL T RADITION OF Y ANGZHOU S TORYTELLING
Vibeke Brdahl
	A CCEPTING P OPULATION C ONTROL
Cecilia Nathansen Milwertz
	M ANAGING M ARITAL D ISPUTES IN M ALAYSIA
Sharifah Zaleha Syed Hassan and Sven Cederroth
	S UBUD AND THE J AVANESE M YSTICAL T RADITION
Antoon Geels

The

HONG MERCHANTS

of

CANTON

Chinese Merchants in Sino-Western Trade

Weng Eang Cheong

CURZON

Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Monograph Series, No. 70

First published in 1997

by Curzon Press

15 The Quadrant, Richmond

Surrey TW9 1BP

Weng Eang Cheong 1997

British Library Catalogue in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress in Publication Data

A catalog record for this book has been requested

ISBN 0-7007-0361-6

Contents

List of Tables

List of Maps

I dedicate this book to Patricia

who never ceased telling me to finish it. Would that it had been completed to serve the purpose that we thought it should.

Acknowledgement

This book has taken such a long time to bring to publication that I can only extend sincere thanks to all the people who advised or assisted me, but are not mentioned individually.

To Liz Bramsen and Gerald Jackson of NIAS I owe almost entirely the completion of this project. They worked tirelessly and took a great deal of unkind cuts from me when I was not myself. Their persistence and stoicism was a challenge. They now know almost as much about my merchants as I do. They will not allow me to forget them nor can I allow myself to do so.

All the old friends at the Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies, as NIAS used to be known, notably Karl Reinhold Hllquist who first handled this project, I remember fondly and with much pleasure.

I can never thank enough Yong Tai Yee of the History Department at the University of Hong Kong who uncomplainingly began typing on an old typewriter, the first of several versions, at a time when computer typesetting was still a skill of the future. To Franoise Parkin, also of Hong Kong, I owe the production of the index on short order.

Finally, I wish to thank two old friends. Kristoff Glamann gave me kind encouragement on reading the first draft, and it was to him I again turned much later when it appeared that the project might stall. To Kenneth Robinson, I owe the most painstaking critique of an early manuscript. I felt like giving up then but, having screwed my courage to the sticking place and taken his advice, it became easier to take other advice later.

W.E. Cheong

Warden of Swire Hall

formerly Master, Robert Black College,

University of Hong Kong

Known Chinese surname, full name or name of firm

Period	Trade name	Surname/full name	Firm
1702-66	Cudgin, Leongqua
Geequa	Ye	Kuang-yan
1703-78	Tonqua
Suqua	Chan, Chen	Kuang-shun
Chetqua, Tinqua
Tiqua, Coqua
1720(?)-91	Mandarin Quiqua	Chan, Chen	Qouycong
Chowqua	Yan Chan
Phuankhequa I
1736-1843	Phuankhequa I	Pan Chen-cheng	Tung-wen
Phuankhequa II	Pan Chih-hsiang	Tung-fu
Phuankhequa III	Pan Cheng-wei
1728-58	Amoy Tiqua
Beau Khequa I	Li Kuang-hua	Tzu-yan
Beau Khequa II
1728-76	Chai Hunqua	Tsai Kuo-hua	Ch-feng
1776-83	Seunqua II	Yi-feng
Seunqua III	Tsai Chao-fu
1728-79	Young Khequa	Tising
Tsetsyau, Simon
Sweetia
Yngshaw	Yen Shih-ying	Tai-ho
1728-96	Gauqua	I-ho
Teunqua I and II	Tsai	Feng-yan
Munqua I	Tsai Shih-wen	Wan-ho Hong
Seequa, Munqua II	Tsai Wen-kuan
1736-79	Footia
Keishaw	Chang Tien-chiu	Y-yan
1772	Wayqua	Ni Hung-wen	Feng-chin?
Ni Hung-yeh
Teowqua (Coqua)	Chan (see Suqua)
1779-95	Shykinqua I	Shih	Er-i Hong
Shykinqua II	Shih Chung-ho
Wyequa
1782-98	Geowqua	Yan-shun
1784-89,	Howqua I	Wu Kuo-ying	Yi-ho
1792-1843	Howqua II	Wu Ping-chn
Howqua III	Wu Ping-chien

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