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Routledge Library Editions

DJANGGAWUL

ANTHROPOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY

Routledge Library Editions

Anthropology and Ethnography

RELIGION, RITES & CEREMONIES

In 5 Volumes

I	Anthropological Approaches to the Study of Religion
Banton
II	Djanggawul	Berndt
III	The Rites of Passage	van Gennep
IV	Death and the Right Hand	Hertz
V	The Interpretation of Ritual	La Fontaine

DJANGGAWUL

An Aboriginal Religious Cult of North-Eastern Arnhem Land

RONALD M BERNDT

First published in 1952

Reprinted in 2004 by
Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2006

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

Reprinted in the USA with the kind permission of Philosophical Library, New York

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

The publishers have made every effort to contact authors/copyright holders of the works reprinted in Routledge Library Editions Anthropology and Ethnography. This has not been possible in every case, however, and we would welcome correspondence from those individuals/companies we have been unable to trace.

These reprints are taken from original copies of each book. In many cases the condition of these originals is not perfect. The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of these reprints, but wishes to point out that certain characteristics of the original copies will, of necessity, be apparent in reprints thereof.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Djanggawul
ISBN 978-0-415-33022-0

Miniset: Religion, Rites & Ceremonies

Series: Routledge Library Editions Anthropology and Ethnography

DJANGGAWUL

AN ABORIGINAL RELIGIOUS CULT

OF NORTH-EASTERN

ARNHEM LAND

by

RONALD M BERNDT

ROUTLEDGE & KEGAN PAUL LTD

BROADWAY HOUSE, 68-74 CARTER LANE

LONDON

First published 1952
by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd.
6874 Carter Lane
London, E.C.4

TO MAUWULAN AND WONDJUG

Illustrations

Two nara postulants emerge from the sacred shade on to the dancing ground, carrying a rangea on their shoulders.

Embracing the rangga on the sacred ground: one postulant lies between his companions legs.

Left-hand panel: djuda and mauwulan rangga; the former are arranged at each side, with three pairs of mauwulan in the centre. These belong to the people who have issued from the Djanggawul Sisters.

Right-hand panel: Bildjiwuraroiju and Miralaidj, in the position taken for childbirth, with rangga folk streaming from them. Their eyes are wide open, with tears flowing; they wear waist-bands and head-bands, and on their arms are armlets with feathered pendants.

Female children are under the round fringed ngainmara mats, one at each side of both Sisters, while the male children are unprotected. Each group of people belongs to a certain region.

This whole drawing shows in detail various Djanggawul nara ceremonies.

From left to right:

First panel, bottom: arm-band dance.
above: the bhzkgagaga bird perched on a rock at Walbinboi just outside Jelangbara.

Second panel, above: the weiga, young fresh-water snake dance, postulants each holding spear and womera. below: djirindidi calling of the invocations (bugali) on the gararag pole. Three men are dancing around him, invoking.

Third panel, above: tide flowing in.

below: the Sea dance, flowing water, etc.

Fourth panel, above: Flying Fox dancetwo men on gararag pole,

below: Water dancing.

Fifth panel, above: two men dance the male and female goanna.

below: the goanna rangga, which is danced by the two men shown above,

band: two mauwulan rangga.

Sixth panel, above: wild duck dancing.

below: red parakeet dancing.

The rangga emblems are displayed on the sacred ground, while special songs relating to them are sung.

This is the central panel of a long drawing showing Jelangbara. In the lower right-hand panel, the Djanggawul Brother is holding a ngainmara on his thighs (this symbolizes the younger Sister, and his drawing it on to his thighs refers to the conventional position taken in coitus). He then removed rangga (djuda and mauwulan) emblems, shown beside and above him.

The younger Sister is seen in the middle of the left-hand panel, with rangga at each side.

The central band, with the two djanda goanna, represents the sacred shade.

From left to right:

First panel (left), above: djuda rangga.
below: a black bird on Gagubam Island, near Port Bradshaw. Flying foxes hanging from the sacred djuda tree.

Second panel (right): male and female goanna., frightened by the approach of the Djanggawul, and about to dive into the billabong at Gagubam Island,
above: two goanna rangga representing these two goanna, and at the extreme right are two djuda rangga.

The showing of the Goanna Tail rangga, with its parakeet-80 feathered pendants and decorations, by a ceremonial leader.

Postulants dancing the Incoming Tide, coming on to the 81 sacred ground; they imitate the rangga folk, who emerged from the Sisters.

Invocations are called, while jiritja moiety postulants await 81 the emergence of the sacred emblems.

Left hand panel: a turtle, which has entered a ngainmara, after 96 being caught by two men in a canoe; it is surrounded by waves, at Jelangbara.

Second panel, above: Miralaidj, pregnant, showing the long clitoris, on her arrival at Jelangbara. She holds a Goanna Tail and a mauwulan rangga.

below: arm-bands with feathered pendants, hanging from a rail of the sacred shade.

Third panel, above: Bildjiwuraroiju, also pregnant; she had been carrying a Goanna Tail rangga, but it had slipped from her grasp and fallen to the ground (below, same panel).

Fourth (right-hand) panel, above: the Brother, holding djuda rangga which have almost become trees; he is about to plant them.

below: the two djuda rangga copied from those the Brother is holding.

A ceremonial leader representing the Djanggawul Brother 96 after his landing at Port Bradshaw. He bends forward to taste the fresh water which gushed up after he had inserted the mauwulan rangga.

At Gumararanggu, Port Bradshaw (the Yirrkalla side of 97 Jelangbara). Beach and sandhills are shown, with male and female goanna (

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