Campbell Loughmiller - Texas Wildflowers: A Field Guide

TEXAS WILDFLOWERS

TEXAS NATURAL HISTORY GUIDESTM

A FIELD GUIDE

Revised Edition

Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller

Lynn Sherrod, Technical Editor
Updated by Damon Waitt, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
Foreword to the First Edition by Lady Bird Johnson

Copyright by the University of Texas Press
Revised edition, 2006
First edition, 1984
All rights reserved
Printed in China

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meets the minimum requirements
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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Loughmiller, Campbell.

Texas wildflowers : a field guide / Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller.Rev. ed., Rev. and updated / by Damon Waitt.

p. cm. (Texas natural history guides)

Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.

ISBN 0-292-71286-3 (cloth : alk. paper)

1. Wild flowersTexasIdentification.

I. Loughmiller, Campbell. II. Loughmiller, Lynn. III. Waitt, Damon Edward, 1961IV. Title. V. Series.

QK188.L68 2006

582.1309764dc22

2005023299

Damon Waitt

Lady Bird Johnson

Campbell Loughmiller

Acanthus or Wild Petunia Family

Yucca, Century-Plant, or Agave Family

Water-Plantain or Arrowhead Family

Pigweed Family

Sumac or Cashew Family

Parsley or Carrot Family

Dogbane or Oleander Family

Arum or Calla Family

Milkweed Family

Sunflower or Daisy Family

Barberry Family

Catalpa Family

Borage or Forget-Me-Not Family

Mustard Family

Cactus Family

Bluebell or Lobelia Family

Caper or Spiderflower Family

Honeysuckle Family

Pink Family

Dayflower or Spiderwort Family

Morning-Glory Family

Dogwood Family

Gourd Family

Sundew Family

Heath Family

Spurge Family

Legume, Pea, or Bean Family

Ocotillo or Candlewood Family

Fumitory or Bleeding-Heart Family

Gentian Family

Geranium Family

Buckeye Family

Waterleaf Family

Iris Family

Rhatany or Krameria Family

Mint Family

Bladderwort or Butterwort Family

Lily Family

Flax Family

Stickleaf Family

Logania or Strychnine Family

Loosestrife or Crape-Myrtle Family

Magnolia Family

Mallow Family

Unicorn-Plant Family

Meadow-Beauty Family

Four-OClock Family

Water-Lily Family

Olive Family

Evening-Primrose Family

Orchid Family

Wood-Sorrel Family

Poppy Family

Passionflower Family

Pokeweed Family

Phlox Family

Milkwort Family

Smartweed, Knotweed, or Buckwheat Family

Pickerelweed Family

Purslane Family

Primrose Family

Buttercup or Crowfoot Family

Rose Family

Madder or Coffee Family

Soapberry Family

Pitcher-Plant Family

Figwort, Snapdragon, or Foxglove Family

Potato or Nightshade Family

Storax Family

Camellia Family

Vervain Family

Violet Family

Caltrop Family

Welcome to the revised edition of Texas Wildflowers: A Field Guide, by Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller. A lot can change in 22 years, not the least of which are the names we associate with the wildflowers in the first editionbut we will come to that shortly.

Since the Loughmillers guide was first published in 1984, more than 155,000 copies of Texas Wildflowers have been sold, placing it among the top three best sellers for the University of Texas Press. Those who subscribe to the If it aint broke, dont fix it philosophy might question the reasons for a new edition, especially one that departs so radically in appearance from the first. Lets start by judging the book by its cover, literally. The cover stock is made of a much more durable material to ensure longer life in the field, and the book is a bit narrower, to facilitate carrying it in a pack or pocket. These physical changes are all part of the University of Texas Press plan to develop a complete series of natural history field guides, covering everything that creeps, crawls, runs, swims, flies, or grows in our fair state. Texas Wildflowers is the second book published in this University of Texas Press natural history series.

Within the pages of this edition, great care was taken to preserve the spirit of the original text, including the original foreword written by Lady Bird Johnson. In it, she refers to the National Wildflower Research Center founded in 1982 on a farm-to-market road near Austin. In 1995, the National Wildflower Research Center moved to a 43-acre site off Loop 1 (MoPac) in south Austin. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to honor the centers cofounder and chairperson. Today, the Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Centers 279-acre site serves as a model native plant botanic garden with programs that protect, conserve, and restore our natural plant heritage. It is a must-see if you are ever in the Austin area.

One feature that made the first edition especially appealing was the abundance of personal observations found throughout the books introduction and species descriptions. The Loughmillers observations have been retained in the revised edition whenever possible, unless they conflicted with taxonomic revisions or described photographs not appearing in this edition. Sadly, Campbell Loughmiller passed away in 1992, and Lynn followed her husband in 2001. Pioneering conservationists, Campbell and Lynn Loughmiller will be remembered for their kindness, gentle humor, and humanitarian ideals.

Although, as Campbell Loughmiller noted in his introduction to the first edition, it is not necessary to know the name of a flower in order to appreciate it, it is important to keep up to date and to be consistent in the application of scientific names. For example, in the first edition several plant families are referred to by their traditional family names (Umbelliferae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, and Labiatae). Under a rule of botanical nomenclature called nomina conservanda (conservation of names), tradition allows these family names to be used in place of their modern equivalents (Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae). In this edition, we opted to use the standardized family names (those ending in aceae). Since the field guide is arranged alphabetically by plant family, that simple change had a cascading effect on the second editions organization.

The most significant change in the second edition is the application of scientific names to plants. The goal of plant taxonomy is to develop a uniform, practical, and stable system of nomenclature (applying names to plants). These rules are set forth in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, and they facilitate international communication and sharing of information about plants. Though names can change if they are found to violate the code, the most significant source of name changes is a better understanding of the evolutionary relationships among plant species. Since modern-day classification is organized to reflect these relationships, new evidence, such as that from molecular genetic studies, can lead to changes in nomenclature.