The story Rosner and Markowitz tell of generations of children gravely damaged by promiscuous dispersal of lead, and the persistent attempts made to evade responsibility for the harms caused, is both true and shocking. This book will not just educate future environmental and health leaders, it should outrage them.
RICHARD J. JACKSON , MD, MPH, Professor and Chair, Environmental Health Sciences, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health
Can being poor justify differing standards for research or a focus merely on harm reduction and the politically feasible? Markowitz and Rosner make the compelling case that in public health the practical and possible may in the end be immoral and dangerous, and a consequence of the war on science. A necessary read for anyone who cares about public health, the role of government, children, medical experimentation and environmental justice.
SUSAN M. REVERBY , McLean Professor in the History of Ideas and Professor of Womens and Gender Studies, Wellesley College
Lead poisoning remains a tragedy (and scandal) of immense proportions, and the authors utilize new sourcesincluding previously unexamined court recordsto tell a story that is as gripping as it is important.
ROBERT N. PROCTOR , Professor of the History of Science at Stanford University and author of Cancer Wars
Markowitz and Rosner have majestically woven the key characters and elements of the history of lead poisoning into a captivating narrative that exposes a tremendous and terrifying truth; unless it serves the needs of private enterprise, public health is incapable of controlling the causes of chronic disease and disability. In place of prevention, we have settled for partial solutions. Everyone who has an interest in public health, health policy or history should read this book.
BRUCE LANPHEAR , MD, MPH, Clinician Scientist, Child & Family Research Institute BC Childrens Hospital and Professor of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC
[Page i]
Lead Wars
[Page ii]
CALIFORNIA/MILBANK BOOKS ON HEALTH AND THE PUBLIC
The Corporate Practice of Medicine: Competition and Innovation in Health Care , by James C. Robinson
Experiencing Politics: A Legislators Stories of Government and Health Care , by John E. McDonough
Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint , by Lawrence O. Gostin (revised and expanded second edition, 2008)
Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader , edited by Lawrence O. Gostin (revised and updated second edition, 2010)
Big Doctoring in America: Profiles in Primary Care , by Fitzhugh Mullan, M.D.
Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution , by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner
Death Is That Man Taking Names: Intersections of American Medicine, Law, and Culture , by Robert A. Burt
When Walking Fails: Mobility Problems of Adults with Chronic Conditions , by Lisa I. Iezzoni
What Price Better Health? Hazards of the Research Imperative , by Daniel Callahan
Sick to Death and Not Going to Take It Anymore! Reforming Health Care for the Last Years of Life , by Joanne Lynn
The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 : A Political History , by James A. Wooten
Evidence-Based Medicine and the Search for a Science of Clinical Care , by Jeanne Daly
Disease and Democracy: The Industrialized World Faces AIDS , by Peter Baldwin
Medicare Matters: What Geriatric Medicine Can Teach American Health Care , by Christine K. Cassel
Are We Ready? Public Health since 9 / 11, by David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz
State of Immunity: The Politics of Vaccination in Twentieth-Century America , by James Colgrove
Low Income, Social Growth, and Good Health: A History of Twelve Countries , by James C. Riley
Searching Eyes: Privacy, the State, and Disease Surveillance in America , by Amy L. Fairchild, Ronald Bayer, and James Colgrove[Page iii]
The Health Care Revolution: From Medical Monopoly to Market Competition , by Carl F. Ameringer
Real Collaboration: What It Takes for Global Health to Succeed , by Mark L. Rosenberg, Elisabeth S. Hayes, Margaret H. McIntyre, and Nancy Neill
House on Fire: The Fight to Eradicate Smallpox , by William H. Foege
Inside National Health Reform , by John E. McDonough
Pills, Power, and Policy: The Struggle for Drug Reform in Cold War America and Its Consequences , by Dominique A. Tobbell
Lead Wars: The Politics of Science and the Fate of Americas Children , by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner
[Page v]
Lead Wars
The Politics of Science and the Fate
of Americas Children
GERALD MARKOWITZ AND DAVID ROSNER
University of California Press
BERKELEYLOS ANGELESLONDON
Milbank Memorial Fund
NEW YORK
[Page vi]
University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu.
The Milbank Memorial Fund is an endowed operating foundation that engages in nonpartisan analysis, study, research, and communication on significant issues in health policy. In the Funds own publications, in reports, films, or books it publishes with other organizations, and in articles it commissions for publication by other organizations, the Fund endeavors to maintain the highest standards for accuracy and fairness. Statements by individual authors, however, do not necessarily reflect opinions or factual determinations of the Fund. For more information, visit www.milbank.org.
University of California Press
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California
University of California Press, Ltd.
London, England
2013 by Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Markowitz, Gerald E.
Lead wars : the politics of science and the fate of
Americas children / Gerald Markowitz and David Rosner.
p. cm.(California/Milbank books on health and the public; 24 )
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-520-27325-2 (cloth : alk. paper) :
eISBN 9780520954953
1. Lead PoisoninghistoryUnited States. 2. ChildUnited States. 3. Environmental ExposureUnited States. 4. History, 20th CenturyUnited States. 5. PoliticsUnited States. 6. Public HealthhistoryUnited States.
QV 11 AA12013
363.738/492 dc23
2012042916
Manufactured in the United States of America
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Rolland Enviro100, a 100% post-consumer fiber paper that is FSC certified, deinked, processed chlorine-free, and manufactured with renewable biogas energy. It is acid-free and EcoLogo certified.
[Page vii]
For Andrea and Kathy
And
In memory of John Rosen, MD, whose life was dedicated to protecting children and their families from the scourge of lead poisoning.
[Page xi]
Foreword
The Milbank Memorial Fund is an endowed operating foundation that works to improve health by helping decision makers in the public and private sectors acquire and use the best available evidence to inform policy for health care and population health. The Fund has engaged in nonpartisan analysis, study, research, and communication since its inception in 1905.
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