Herbert S. Klein - The American Finances of the Spanish Empire: Royal Income and Expenditures in Colonial Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, 1680-1809
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The American Finances of the Spanish Empire: Royal Income and Expenditures in Colonial Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, 1680-1809
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This volume is the first to use treasury records to analyze and interpret the evolution of royal income and expenditure in Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia during the eighteenth century. These official statistics are invaluable for defining the economic evolution of Spanish America. Understanding the economic history of these key regions helps delineate long-term trends in everything from government revenues and expenditures to the growth and decline of regional economies. The records Klein taps were the kings private source of information and his guarantee that his taxes were being collected and his accounts paid. From Kleins study emerge tentative answers to a series of questions basic to understanding the history of Spanish America: Were the colonists overtaxed? Was the seventeenth century an era of crisis and depression? Did Bourbon imperial policy lead to economic stagnation and hence create the seeds of independence? What were the respective costs and benefits of colonialism?
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The American Finances of the Spanish Empire : Royal Income and Expenditures in Colonial Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, 1680-1809
author
:
Klein, Herbert S.
publisher
:
University of New Mexico
isbn10 | asin
:
0826318320
print isbn13
:
9780826318329
ebook isbn13
:
9780585321899
language
:
English
subject
Taxation--Mexico--History, Taxation--Peru--History, Taxation--Bolivia--History, Mexico--Appropriations and expenditures--History, Peru--Appropriations and expenditures--History, Bolivia--Appropriations and expenditures--History, Finance, Public--Spain--Co
publication date
:
1998
lcc
:
HJ2466.K54 1998eb
ddc
:
336.09171/246
subject
:
Taxation--Mexico--History, Taxation--Peru--History, Taxation--Bolivia--History, Mexico--Appropriations and expenditures--History, Peru--Appropriations and expenditures--History, Bolivia--Appropriations and expenditures--History, Finance, Public--Spain--Co
Page iii
The American Finances of the Spanish Empire
Royal Income and Expenditures in Colonial Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, 16801809
Herbert S. Klein
Page iv
Dedicated to Nicols Snchez-Albornoz
1998 by the University of New Mexico Press All rights reserved. First edition
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Klein, Herbert S. The American finances of the Spanish empire: royal income and expenditures in colonial Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia, 16801809 / Herbert S. Klein. 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8263-1832-0 (cloth) 1. TaxationMexicoHistory. 2. TaxationPeruHistory. 3. Taxation BoliviaHistory. 4. MexicoAppropriations and expendituresHistory. 5. PeruAppropriations and expendituresHistory. 6. BoliviaAppropriations and expendituresHistory. 7. Finance, PublicSpainColoniesAmerica History. I. Title. HJ2466.K54 1998 336.09171'246dc21 97-34093 CIP
Page v
Contents
Illustrations
vii
Preface
xi
1. Colonial Fiscal History
1
2. Major Trends in Tax Revenues in Eighteenth Century Spanish America
11
3. The Viceroyalty of Peru
31
4. The Audiencia of Charcas
55
5. The Viceroyalty of New Spain
73
Conclusion
101
Appendix 1 Origins of the Estimated Numbers
115
Appendix 2 Using Current Prices
119
Appendix 3 Income and Expenditure Ramos by Grouped Category
121
Notes
187
Bibliography
205
Index
215
About the Book and Author
221
Page vii
Illustrations
Maps
1. Viceroyalty of New Spain Intendencias and/or Cajas in the Late 18th Century
xiii
2. Viceroyalty of Peru and Audiencia of Charcas, Intendencias and/or Principal Treasuries in the Late Eighteenth Century
xiv
Tables
2.1 Estimate of Government Silver Shipped to Spain and Philippines from Peru and Mexico, 15911750
12
2.2 Index of Growth of Total Income in Charcas, Peru, and Mexico
27
3.1 Estimated Average Annual Total Income of Lima Caja by Decade
36
3.2 Estimated Annual Average Total Income by Caja and Region in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
38
3.3 Estimated Annual Average Mining Income by Decade for the Treasuries of the Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
39
3.4 Estimated Annual Average Trade Income for Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
41
3.5 Estimated Annual Average Monopoly Taxes Income, Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
43
3.6 Estimated Annual Average Tribute Tax Income, Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
44
3.7 Estimated Annual Average Loans, Etc., Incomes in the Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
45
3.8 Estimated Annual Average Total Miscellaneous Taxes by Caja and Region, Viceroyalty of Peru, 16801809
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