In writing any book such as this, the author is indebted to those who make his life so much easier. I am very grateful to Jerry Shore and his enthusiastic team at the Fleet Air Arm Museum at RNAS Yeovilton, and for the help always so willingly provided by Ian Carter and his team at the Photographic Archive, and John Stopford-Pickering at the Sound Archive, of the Imperial War Museum in London. It is only fair as well also to remember those naval aviators who committed their own experiences to print; people such as Norman Hanson, author of the brilliantly-written Carrier Pilot that so manages to cover the joys of naval flying and of young men away from home for the first time on a big adventure, and the sadness and tragedy of warfare when ones comrades, close friends in the confines of carrier life, disappear, often in terrible circumstances. Other writers in this vein are Charles Lamb, with his classic War in a Stringbag , and Lord Kilbracken with Bring back my Stringbag ; recommended reading, all of them.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Brooke, Geoffrey, Alarm Starboard: A Remarkable True Story of the War at Sea , Patrick Stephens, Cambridge
Chesnau, Roger, Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present , Arms & Armour Press, London, 1992
Clarke, John D., Gallantry Awards & Medals of the World , Patrick Stephens, Yeovil, 1993
Cunningham, Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew, A Sailors Odyssey , Hutchinson, London, 1951
Gelb, Norman, Desperate Venture , Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1992
Gould, Robert W., British Campaign Medals: Waterloo to the Falklands , Arms & Armour, London, 1984
Hanson, Norman, Carrier Pilot , Patrick Stephens, Cambridge, 1979
Hickey, Des and Smith, Gus, Operation Avalanche: Salerno Landings 1943 , Heinemann, London
Hobbs, Commander David, Aircraft Carriers of the Royal & Commonwealth Navies , Greenhill Books, 1996
Johnson, Brian, Fly Navy , David & Charles, Newton Abbot and London, 1981
Kennedy, Ludovic, Menace: The Life and Death of the Tirpitz , Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1979
Kilbracken, Lord, Bring Back My Stringbag: A Stringbag Pilot at War , Pan Books, London, 1980
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Roskill, Captain, S. W., The Navy at War, 193945 , HMSO, London, 1960
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Carrier Glorious , Leo Cooper, London, 1986
The Forgotten Fleet , Michael Joseph, London, 1960
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Woods, Gerard A., Wings at Sea: A Fleet Air Arm Observers War, 194045 , Conway Maritime, London, 1985
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CHRONOLOGY
1939
3 September, the United Kingdom and France declare war on Germany after an ultimatum to withdraw German forces from Poland expires.
17 September, HMS Courageous torpedoed and sunk by U-29 .
26 September, Blackburn Skua fighter/dive-bomber from HMS Ark Royal shot down a Dornier Do 18 flying boat, the first German aircraft to be shot down by a British fighter in the Second World War.
1940
9 April, Germany invades Norway and Denmark.
10 April, land-based naval dive-bombers fly from the Royal Naval Air Station at Hatston in Orkney to sink the light cruiser Koenigsberg at Bergen, the first operational warship to be sunk by aircraft.
Mid-April, British and French troops land in Norway. HMS Furious covers the landings and afterwards acts as an aircraft transport; Ark Royal joins her. HMS Glorious recalled from Mediterranean.
8 June, HMS Glorious shelled and sunk by the German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau , during the withdrawal from Norway.
13 June, fifteen aircraft from HMS Ark Royal attack Scharnhorst at Trondheim, but the only bomb to hit the ship fails to explode. Eight aircraft lost.
3 July, aircraft from Ark Royal attack French fleet at Mers El-Kebir (Oran).
5 July, Fairey Swordfish from Eagle sink an Italian destroyer and a freighter at Tobruk.
8 July, Hermes is part of a British task force attacking the Vichy French fleet at Dakar. The French battleship Richelieu is damaged.
9 July, Battle of Punto Stilo, Eagle sends her aircraft in an unsuccessful attempt to slow down the Italian fleet. Near misses from Italian bombers damage the carriers fuel system.
20 July, Eagle s Swordfish sink two Italian destroyers and a freighter at Tobruk.
16 September, Swordfish from Illustrious sink two Italian destroyers at Benghazi.
2325 September, further action by the Royal Navy against Vichy French ships at Dakar includes Ark Royal .
1112 November, twenty-one Swordfish from Illustrious , including some aircraft from the crippled Eagle , attack the Italian fleet at Taranto. For the loss of just two aircraft, three battleships are disabled, a number of minor warships damaged and a seaplane base and oil storage depot also damaged.
27 November, Battle of Cape Teulada, sees Force H escorting three fast freighters eastwards from Gibraltar, with Ark Royal sending her Swordfish against Italian battleships trying to intercept the convoy, and although no damage is caused, the Italians break off the action.
17 December, Illustrious sends her aircraft to attack airfields on Rhodes.
1941
10 January, Convoy Operation Excess sees Illustrious crippled by 500lb and 1,000lb bombs, forcing her to put into Malta for repairs.
16 January, Illustrious provokes an intensified blitz during her stay in Malta for emergency repairs, reaching a peak on this day.
9 February, Force H with Ark Royal attacks Genoa and Leghorn, with the carriers aircraft bombing Leghorn and sowing mines off La Spezia.
28 March, Battle of Cape Matapan. Aircraft from Formidable and from Crete attack the Italian fleet at sea, hitting the battleship Vittorio Veneto and stopping her, and slowing down the cruiser Pola , later sunk by destroyers.
21 April, Mediterranean Fleet bombards Tripoli inflicting serious damage,with aircraft from Formidable making attack before bombardment.
2031 May, German forces invade Crete and Mediterranean Fleet helps resistance and then handles evacuation, during which Formidable is seriously damaged.
2425 May, Fairey Swordfish from Victorious attack the German battleship Bismarck .
26 May, Fairey Swordfish from Ark Royal mount a twilight attack on Bismarck , damaging her rudder and sending her out of control.
22 and 25 July, aircraft from Victorious attack Kirkenes while those from Furious attack Petsamo, losing fifteen aircraft for little benefit.