Coy F. Cross - Justin Smith Morrill: father of the land-grant colleges
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Justin Smith Morrill: Almost every land-grant college or university in the United States has a building named for him; but are his contributions truly recognized and understood? Here is the first biography on this renowned statesman in six decades. Representative and then senator from Vermont, Morrill began his tenure in Congress in 1855 and served continuously for forty-three years. His thirty-one years in the upper chamber alone earned him the title Father of the Senate. Coy F. Cross reveals a complex and influential political figure who, as chair of the House Ways and Means Committee, and then the Senate Finance Committee, influenced American economic policy for nearly fifty years.
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Justin Smith Morrill : Father of the Land-grant Colleges
author
:
Cross, Coy F.
publisher
:
Michigan State University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0870135082
print isbn13
:
9780870135088
ebook isbn13
:
9780585188171
language
:
English
subject
Morrill, Justin S.--(Justin Smith),--1810-1898, United States.--Congress.--Senate--Biography, Legislators--United States--Biography, State universities and colleges--United States--History.
publication date
:
1999
lcc
:
E664.M8C76 1999eb
ddc
:
973.6/6/092
subject
:
Morrill, Justin S.--(Justin Smith),--1810-1898, United States.--Congress.--Senate--Biography, Legislators--United States--Biography, State universities and colleges--United States--History.
Page i
Justin Smith Morrill
Page ii
Justin Smith Morrill of Strafford, Vermont. Courtesy of the Vermont Division for Historic Preservation, Montpelier, Vermont.
Page iii
Justin Smith Morrill
Father of the Land-Grant Colleges
Coy F. Cross II
Michigan State University Press East Lansing
Page iv
Copyright 1999 by Coy F. Cross II
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).
Michigan State University Press East Lansing, Michigan 48823-5202
04 03 02 01 00 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cross, Coy F. Justin Smith Morrill: father of the land-grant colleges / Coy F. Cross II. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN 0-87013-508-2 (alk. paper) 1. Morrill, Justin S. (Justin Smith), 18101898. 2. United States. Congress. Senate--Biography. 3. Legislators--United States--Biography. 4. State universities and colleges--United States--History. I. Title. E664.M8 C76 1999 973.6'6'092--dc21 [B] 99-6502 CIP
Cover design by Heidi Dailey. Book design by Michael J. Brooks
Visit Michigan State University Press on the World-Wide Web at: www.msu.edu/unit/msupress
Page v
Dedicated to all Vermonters, everywhere, especially those in Strafford
Page vii
Contents
Foreword
ix
Preface
xiii
Chapter 1 The Making of Justin Morrill
1
Chapter 2 Mr. Morrill Goes to Washington
19
Chapter 3 The Morrill Tariff
41
Chapter 4 The Irrepressible Conflict
55
Chapter 5 Morrill's Monument: The Land-Grant College Act
77
Chapter 6 The Politician Inside the Public Servant
95
Chapter 7 Senator Morrill
111
Chapter 8 Beautifying Washington
129
Epilogue
143
Bibliography
149
Index
157
Page ix
Foreword
Justin Smith Morrill, more than any public figure in the nineteenth century, changed higher education in America. Born in Strafford, Vermont, in 1810, Morrill rose above his modest beginnings to become a wealthy and highly successful entrepreneur. His business ventures were so successful, in fact, that he retired at the age of thirty-eight to become a farmer and eventually to enter into the turbulent world of mid-nineteenth-century politics. On the eve of the American Civil War, in 1854, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont. For the next forty-three years he served in Congress, first as a member of the House, then as a member of the Senate after 1867.
He is best remembered for his work that transformed American higher education. Morrill had a vision of education that was articulated in part by Thomas Jefferson; both believed that the future success of American democracy rested on the nation's ability to maintain an informed and educated electorate. But, whereas Jefferson's version of that philosophy took root gradually at his beloved University of Virginia, Justin Smith Morrill, the practical, small-town Yankee entrepreneur, galvanized this "radical" notion by crafting an elegant, practical mechanism that insured success on a grand scale.
In the dark days of 1862, when the Union's armies seemed to be losing the war on every front, Representative Morrill pressed his case for higher education's future with skeptical and more short-sighted congressional colleagues. Looking beyond the Civil War's day-to-day crises, he understood that existing colleges and universities could not possibly meet
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The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).