Queen Boadicea - Boudica: the Life of Britains Legendary Warrior Queen

BC

1000

Bronze Age Urnfield culture exists throughout Europe

Iron Age Celtic Hallstatt culture appears in Europe and expands

The Massiliote Periplus is written in the Greek port of Massilia (Marseilles),
describing two distant islands of Ierne (Ireland) and Albion (Britain)

Hillforts built across southern Britain, including Danebury Ring, Hampshire

Greek writer Hecateus describes the Keltoi

La Tne culture evolves and starts to spread through Europe

c 400

Celtic tribes The Gauls invade northern Italy

c 390

The Gauls sack Rome

c 325-320

The voyage of Pytheas, who describes Britain and Ireland as the Pretannic Islands

Celts ally with Carthage in Second Punic War

c 200-100

Development of large fortified settlements called oppida in Europe

First Belgic migrations from the Continent to Britain

Romans fight and finally defeat the Cimbri and Teutones

Danebury hillfort is abandoned for unknown reasons

First triumvirate: Pompey, Crassus and Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar campaigns in Gaul

Julius Caesars first invasion of Britain

Julius Caesars second invasion of Britain

Gaulish rebellion led by Vercingetorix; defeated at Alesia

Commius flees to Britain

Caesar crosses the Rubicon

Vercingetorix is paraded through Rome and then executed

Julius Caesar murdered by fellow Romans; end of Roman civil war

Second triumvirate: Marc Antony, Lepidus and Octavian

Battle of Actium: Antony and Cleopatra defeated by Octavian

Octavian becomes first Roman emperor, Augustus

AD

15,000 Roman soldiers wiped out by native Germans in Teutoberg Forest,
ending Roman expansion in region

Augustus dies; Tiberius becomes emperor

Tiberius dies; Caligula (Gaius Caesar) becomes emperor

Emperor Caligula abandons invasion of Britain at French coast

Emperor Caligula murdered; Claudius takes imperial throne

Emperor Claudius invades Britain; Caratacus leads resistance

First revolt by the Iceni tribe, soon quashed by Romans

Publius Ostorius Scapula leads military action against tribes of Britons

Romans help Cartimandua retain power as Brigantian Queen

c50

London established as Roman trading port

Caratacus finally defeated in battle, handed to Romans by Queen Cartimandua
of the Brigantes

Emperor Claudius dies, probably poisoned; Nero becomes emperor

52-58

Conquest of Wales continued under Aulus Didius Gallus, then Quintus Veranius

Cartimanduas husband, Venutius, rebels against her

Emperor Nero has his mother, Agrippina, murdered

58-61

Gaius Suetonius Paulinus becomes governor of Britain

Client King Prasutagus of the Iceni dies, leaving his lands jointly to Nero and his two daughters. His Queen, Boudica, attempts rule in his place

Suetonius invades Anglesey to extinguish Druid resistance

Boudica rises up in revolt against the Romans, sacking Colchester, London then St Albans before being defeated and dying

Widespread retribution against the rebellious tribes of Britons

Nero commits suicide

68-69

Year of the four emperors; finally, Vespasian becomes emperor

Venutius splits from Cartimandua who takes Vellocatus as her new consort; Venutius leads army against her; she is rescued by Romans but disappears from history

Romans defeat Brigantes under Venutius and annexe territory

Mount Vesuvius erupts; Vespasian dies; Titus becomes Emperor

Titus dies; his brother Domitian becomes Emperor

Tacitus claims that Agricola, provincial governor of Britannia, defeats Calgacuss army of 30,000 Caledonian warriors at Mons Graupius

122-30

Hadrians Wall built

Roman Britain ends