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United States. Army - Grant

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United States. Army Grant

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Pulitzer Prize winner Ron Chernow returns with a sweeping and dramatic portrait of one of our most compelling generals and presidents, Ulysses S. Grant.
Ulysses S. Grants life has typically been misunderstood. All too often he is caricatured as a chronic loser and an inept businessman, or as the triumphant but brutal Union general of the Civil War. But these stereotypes dont come close to capturing him, as Chernow shows in his masterful biography, the first to provide a complete understanding of the general and president whose fortunes rose and fell with dizzying speed and frequency.
Before the Civil War, Grant was flailing. His business ventures had ended dismally, and despite distinguished service in the Mexican War he ended up resigning from the army in disgrace amid recurring accusations of drunkenness. But in war, Grant began to realize his remarkable potential, soaring through the ranks of the Union army, prevailing at the battle of Shiloh and in the Vicksburg campaign, and ultimately defeating the legendary Confederate general Robert E. Lee. Along the way, Grant endeared himself to President Lincoln and became his most trusted general and the strategic genius of the war effort. Grants military fame translated into a two-term presidency, but one plagued by corruption scandals involving his closest staff members.
More important, he sought freedom and justice for black Americans, working to crush the Ku Klux Klan and earning the admiration of Frederick Douglass, who called him the vigilant, firm, impartial, and wise protector of my race. After his presidency, he was again brought low by a dashing young swindler on Wall Street, only to resuscitate his image by working with Mark Twain to publish his memoirs, which are recognized as a masterpiece of the genre.
With lucidity, breadth, and meticulousness, Chernow finds the threads that bind these disparate stories together, shedding new light on the man whom Walt Whitman described as nothing heroic and yet the greatest hero. Chernows probing portrait of Grants lifelong struggle with alcoholism transforms our understanding of the man at the deepest level. This is Americas greatest biographer, bringing movingly to life one of our finest but most underappreciated presidents. The definitive biography, Grant is a grand synthesis of painstaking research and literary brilliance that makes sense of all sides of Grants life, explaining how this simple Midwesterner could at once be so ordinary and so extraordinary.
Named one of the best books of the year by Goodreads Amazon The New York Times Newsday BookPage Barnes and Noble Wall Street Journal
Source: penguinrandomhouse.com

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ALSO BY RON CHERNOW Washington A Life Alexander Hamilton Titan The Life of - photo 1
ALSO BY RON CHERNOW

Washington: A Life

Alexander Hamilton

Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller, Sr.

The Death of the Banker: The Decline and Fall of the Great Financial Dynasties and the Triumph of the Small Investor

The Warburgs: The Twentieth-Century Odyssey of a Remarkable Jewish Family

The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance

Grant - image 2
Grant - image 3

PENGUIN PRESS

An imprint of Penguin Random House LLC

375 Hudson Street

New York, New York 10014

penguin.com

Grant - image 4

Copyright 2017 by Ron Chernow

Penguin supports copyright. Copyright fuels creativity, encourages diverse voices, promotes free speech, and creates a vibrant culture. Thank you for buying an authorized edition of this book and for complying with copyright laws by not reproducing, scanning, or distributing any part of it in any form without permission. You are supporting writers and allowing Penguin to continue to publish books for every reader.

Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward

Illustration credits appear .

LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALO GING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA

Names: Chernow, Ron, author.

Title: Grant / Ron Chernow.

Description: New York : Penguin Press, 2017.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017025263 (print) | LCCN 2017027493 (ebook) | ISBN 9780525521952 (ebook) | ISBN 9781594204876 (hardback)

Subjects: LCSH: Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 18221885. | PresidentsUnited StatesBiography. | GeneralsUnited StatesBiography. | United States. ArmyBiography . | BISAC: BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Presidents & Heads of State. | HISTORY / United States / Civil War Period (18501877). | BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Military.

Classification: LCC E672 (ebook) | LCC E672 .C47 2017 (print) | DDC 973.8/2092 [B]dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017025263

While the author has made every effort to provide accurate Internet addresses and other contact information at the time of publication, neither the publisher nor the author assumes any responsibility for errors or for changes that occur after publication. Further, the publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party Web sites or their content.

Version_1

To my loyal readers,

who have soldiered on through my lengthy sagas

What a man he is! what a history! what an illustrationhis lifeof the capacities of that American individuality common to us all. Cynical critics are wondering what the people can see in Grant to make such a hubbub about. They aver... that he has hardly the average of our days literary and scholastic culture, and absolutely no pronouncd genius or conventional eminence of any sort. Correct: but he proves how an average western farmer, mechanic, boatman, carried by tides of circumstances, perhaps caprices, into a position of incredible military or civil responsibilities... may steer his way fitly and steadily through them all, carrying the country and himself with credit year after yearcommand over a million armed menfight more than fifty pitchd battlesrule for eight years a land larger than all the kingdoms of Europe combinedand then, retiring, quietly (with a cigar in his mouth) make the promenade of the whole world, through its courts and coteries, and kings and czars and mikados... as phlegmatically as he ever walkd the portico of a Missouri hotel after dinner... Seems to me it transcends Plutarch. How those old Greeks, indeed, would have seized on him! A mere plain manno art, no poetry... A common trader, money-maker, tanner, farmer of Illinoisgeneral for the republic... in the war of attempted secessionPresident following, (a task of peace, more difficult than the war itself)nothing heroic, as the authorities put itand yet the greatest hero. The gods, the destinies, seem to have concentrated upon him.

W ALT W HITMAN , Specimen Days

CONTENTS
AUTHORS NOTE

Since Ulysses S. Grants spelling could border on the eccentric, I have taken the liberty of correcting that and his punctuation and capitalization throughout the book for the sake of smoother reading and easier comprehension. I have done the same with private letters of other figures in the book, except in those cases where I think that defective writing tells a significant tale about the author.

INTRODUCTION
The Sphinx Talks

E VEN AS OTHER CIVIL WAR generals rushed to publish their memoirs, flaunting their conquests and cashing in on their celebrity, Ulysses S. Grant refused to trumpet his accomplishments in print. The son of an incorrigible small-town braggart, the unassuming general and two-time president harbored a lifelong aversion to boasting. He was content to march to his grave in dignified silence, letting his extraordinary wartime record speak for itself.

Then, at the close of 1883, fate dealt him a series of progressively more savage blows that shattered this high-minded resolve. Returning to his Manhattan town house on Christmas Eve, Grant, sixty-one, pivoted to hand the driver a holiday tip when he slipped on the icy pavement and crashed to the ground, tearing a thigh muscle and possibly fracturing his hip. Until then a robust man, he crumpled over in excruciating pain and was hoisted up the steps by servants. Through anxious winter weeks, he remained bedridden or hobbled about on crutches. Before long, his discomfort intensified with the agonizing onset of pleurisy, coupled with severe rheumatism that crept up his legs, making it difficult for him to negotiate the familiar rooms.

Still worse lay in store. Several years earlier, Grant had entered into a promising partnership, christened Grant & Ward, with twenty-nine-year-old Ferdinand Ward, touted as the Young Napoleon of Finance. Thanks to his colleagues financial wizardry, Grant seemed to coast on a tide of easy riches, fancying himself a newly minted millionaire. Then, one morning in early May 1884, he awoke to discover that Ward had manufactured the profits from thin air, the whole scheme was a colossal fraud, and he was ruined along with friends and family members who had entrusted their life savings to the firm. Abruptly Grant was thrust back into his early years of hardship at lonely frontier garrisons, on his unprofitable farm in St. Louis, and at his fathers leather goods emporium in Galena, Illinoisplaces where he was branded an economic failure. Now, to scrape by and pay household bills, he had to endure the degradation of accepting money sent by total strangers as acts of charity.

At this point, Grant was seized by more than a desperate need to earn ready cash: he had to cast off the stigma of failure and reclaim his stature before the public and posterity. As his longtime friend William Tecumseh Sherman observed, he had lost everything, and more in reputation.

That June, at his rambling seaside cottage in Long Branch, New Jersey, Grant experienced a strange sensation that foreshadowed another grave problem. His wife, Julia, served him a plate of delicious peaches on the table, but as he swallowed one, he stopped and winced. Oh my, he said, I think something has stung me from that peach. He sprang from his chair, strode the porch in distress, then rinsed out his throat, to no avail. He was in great pain and said water hurt like fire, Julia recalled. Throughout the summer, Grant, who had once smoked twenty cigars a day, was vexed by a baffling sore throat that never faded. Although Julia begged him to see a physician, he procrastinated for months; this man who was so intrepid on the battlefield seemed to dread the looming diagnosis. When at last he consulted his Manhattan doctor in October, he received grim tidings: a mass on his throat and tongue was epithelial in charactercode language for cancer. To worsen matters, he was afflicted by painful neuralgia and had three large teeth extracted. All the while, he limped about from the Christmas Eve mishap.

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