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Donal McCracken - Teddy Luthers War: The Diary of a German-American in an Irish-Boer Commando

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Donal McCracken Teddy Luthers War: The Diary of a German-American in an Irish-Boer Commando
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Teddy Luthers War: The Diary of a German-American in an Irish-Boer Commando: summary, description and annotation

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A German-American, in South Africa, fighting the British, in an Irish commando, in the Boer army Some years ago Donal McCracken was working on a book of Ireland and the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) when, in the British Ministry of Defence Library, the old War Office Library, off Whitehall, he came upon a slim volume. It was a war diary written by a young German from Halbertstad named Ernest Luther. As a child, Luther went with his mother to New York. From there, in a short period, he fought as a volunteer in three wars: the Graeco-Turkish War, the United States-Spanish War and the Anglo-Boer War. In South Africa Luther joined an Irish commando in the Boer army and fought against the British. Aged around twenty, he was killed in action in September 1900 during the Boer retreat through the Eastern Transvaal (Mpumalanga) in the face of Lord Robertss advancing army. So we have a German-American, coming to South Africa to fight against the British, in an Irish commando, in the Boer army. The diary, published in 1900 in English, consists of only 54 small pages, but it is packed with action and invaluable as a source about the Boer retreat as well as about such matters as indiscipline in the commando, drunkenness, use of dum-dum bullets, which Boer leaders were where when, and so forth. But there is also a fascinating postscript. British Military Intelligence took the diary off the dying Luther. Within ten weeks, it had been shipped to London, possibly translated (the original is lost so we do not know if it was written in German), possibly altered and ultimately published by British Military Intelligence at 16 Queen Annes Gate. We also know that in at least one instance and probably others, the published diary was handed out to a journalist in the field with General Roberts. So the diary also opens a window into the actions of British Military Intelligence and the embedded journalist within the advancing British army.

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Table of Contents Acknowledgements I should like to thank the following - photo 1
Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

I should like to thank the following individuals who have assisted me with this project:

Ian Cowie, William Forgrave, Professor John Hilton, John Horan, Janet Lourens, Patricia McCracken, Sean McCracken, Lena Nordstrm, Brigadier J. Parker, Judith A. Sibley, Miss M.M. Simpson and Nicki von der Heyde.

The help of the following institutions is also acknowledged:

Anglo-Boer War Museum, Bloemfontein
British High Commission, Pretoria
British Library, London
Don Africana Library, Durban
Library of Congress, Washington, United States of America
Military of Defence (British) Library, London
Military Archives Library (Krigsarkivets) of Sweden
Museum of Defence Intelligence (British), Chicksands
National Archives (Britain), London
National Army Museum, London
South African Archives, Pretoria
United States Military Academy, West Point
United States National Archives, Washington
University of KwaZulu-Natal

This work is in part based upon research sponsored by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and the University of KwaZulu-Natal.

Any opinion, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and therefore the National Research Foundation does not accept any liability in respect thereto.

Appendix

Roll call of known members of Irish commandos and of other Irishmen who fought for the South African Republic in the Anglo-Boer War of 18991902.

No complete list of Irish commando members or brigaders has been traced. Given the turnover of personnel in the commandos, it is unlikely that a full list of men ever existed. The list below is an expanded version of those who appeared in Donal McCracken, MacBrides Brigade: Irish commandos in the Anglo-Boer War , Four Courts Press, Dublin, 1999 updated in Donal McCracken, South Africas Irish Heritage, 17872007 , National Heritage Council of South Africa, Pretoria, 2008.

The list published here contains the names of 337 commando members: 253 in Blake and MacBrides commando, including 49 Irish-Americans who joined came as an ambulance corps; 60 members of Arthurs Lynchs commando; and 24 Irish, colonial Irish and Irish-Americans whose command is uncertain or who were in other commando units. Names have been extracted over the years from sources listed in the bibliography as well as from an abridged list of Irish commando members names which can be found in the Pretoria branch of the South African National Archives. See file Roll of Irish Brigade taken from commando lists found at Middelburg, August 1900, S.O./P.O.W. Cape town, vol. 4, file 527. This file contains the names of only 84 Irish commando members, and excludes the name Luther. See also Staatscourant der Zuid-Afikaanche Republiek , 27 December 1899 and lists of prisoners of war in file WO 108/368. National Archives, London.

John MacBride, writing in the Freemans Journal on 3 November 1906, observed, The roll was called punctually at 5.30 every morning; and in this connection I may say that it is a matter of sincere regret to me that I have not a complete list of the names now, as I think they should one and all be known and remembered in Ireland.

Photo William Forgrave Donal McCracken was born and educated in Ireland - photo 2

Photo William Forgrave

Donal McCracken was born and educated in Ireland. Having been dean of humanities for many years, he is a senior professor of history in the Centre for Communication, Media and Society at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban. His books include Gardens of Empire: Botanical Institutions of the Victorian British Empire (University of Leicester Press/Cassell), MacBrides Brigade: Irish Commandos in the AngloBoer War (Four Courts Press), Forgotten Protest: Ireland and the AngloBoer War (Ulster Heritage Foundation), Saving the Zululand Wilderness: An Early Struggle for Nature Conservation (Jacana) and Inspector Mallon: Buying Irish Patriotism for a Five-Pound Note (Irish Academic Press). He is editor of the series, Southern AfricanIrish Studies. He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society and sometime chair of the Alan Paton Centre and Struggle Archives Advisory Board and of the Durban Botanic Gardens Trust. He is a former Irish universities debating champion and South African Genealogist of the Year. Having lived through the worst of the Northern Ireland troubles and then witnessed the closing years of the South African struggle against apartheid, Donal McCracken holds strongly to the axiom that people are generally better than their opinions. His interest in war stems not from any fascination with armaments, strategy or perceived heroism but rather from the fact that war creates extraordinary and unique situations where ordinary people must often question and even sacrifice their established norms and certainties.

Bibliography

Archival material

Australian War Memorial Archive, papers of Chaplain F.W. Wray

Archives Diplomatiques du Ministre dAffaires Etrangres, Paris:

Correspondence politique et commerciale, 18971918: Grande Bretagne, ms vol. 4, Irlande, 18971914 .

Military Archives Library of Sweden, Stockholm and Ministry of Defence Library, London, United Kingdom

DIARY of ERNEST WILLIAM LUTHER, OF 201ST Regiment of New York Volunteers and of Blakes Irish Brigade, Who was wounded in action near Weltevreden On SUNDAY, 9th SEPTEMBER, AND Died in the Hospital, Machadodorp, on the 11th SEPTEMBER, 1900 . Probably published by British Military Intelligence.

National Archives of Ireland:
Crime Branch Special papers

National Library of Ireland:
Allen papers (containing the papers of John MacBride)
Devoy papers
Irish Transvaal Committee minute book
Walsh papers (Dr Walsh was an Irish medical doctor on the Boer side)

National Archives, London, United Kingdom:

Irish Office papers

List of Prisoners of War. A printed series of Boer prisoners of war without publishing details, but running from number 1 to number 32,113 and concluding on 20 June 1902. Contents of the list vary, but eventually included details of POW number, full name, age, commando/field cornetcy, home address, married or single, where captured, date of capture, and remarks which often give name of where transported. A set of these records is contained in file WO 108/368

Secret South African Dispatches

National Archives, Pretoria, South Africa:
Dr Leyds papers
(British) Military Government papers
War Intelligence (HC) papers, 1900

National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, United States of America:

Army Service Record, personal file for J.Y.F. Blake, file 4635 ACP 1889.

Army Service Record, personal file for Ernest W. Luther, Co. I 201st N.Y. Inf., SAW.

Privately held papers:

Correspondence to Donal McCracken

Statement by Commandant Thomas F. Byrne typescript (Mr & Mrs Art OLeary)

Papers of Gus Byrne (Mr Desmond Byrne)

Public Record Office of Northern Ireland
James Craig papers

University of Stellenbosch, Gericke Library, University of Stellenbosch, Isabella Lipp, My diary fiction, fact and fancy: An account of my stay in Johannesburg during the first eight months of the Anglo-Boer War, from October the 12th 1899 to June 1st 1900. A little known page of Johannesburgs history

Theses and dissertations

COLLINS, Mary E., Irish Public Opinion and the Boer War, Masters dissertation, University College, Dublin, 1963.

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