Mark White - William Boyd Dawkins the Victorian Science of Cave Hunting

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William Boyd Dawkins and the Victorian Science of Cave Hunting

For my daughters, Megan, Kirsten and Mathilde

* * *

Frontis: Sir William Boyd Dawkins, in the 1920s
(Reproduced courtesy Derbyshire County Council Buxton Museum).

William Boyd Dawkins and the Victorian Science of Cave Hunting

Three Men in a Cavern

Mark J. White

First published in Great Britain in 2017 by
PEN AND SWORD HISTORY
an imprint of
Pen and Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
Barnsley
South Yorkshire S70 2AS

Copyright Mark J. White, 2017

ISBN 978 1 47382 335 8
eISBN 978 1 47388 614 8
Mobi ISBN 978 1 47388 613 1

The right of Mark J. White to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.

Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select, Social History, Transport, True Crime, Claymore Press, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe.

For a complete list of Pen and Sword titles please contact
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Contents

Carving up the Ice Age

Glacial Wrangling Part 1: Seasonal Migrations

Glacial Wrangling Part 2: Victoria Cave

Around the World in 138 Days

Acknowledgements

A number of people have given me assistance in writing this book. First and foremost Id like to thank Ros Westwood at Buxton Museum, and David Gelsthorpe at Manchester Museum without whose help and patience I dont think the book could have been written. I hope what you read here was worth the effort.

In no particular order, Id like to thank the following people for supplying information, images or papers: Ian Wall (formally Creswell Heritage Museum and Visitor Centre); Kelly Allen (Newberry Library, Chicago); Pam Brimstow (Brampton, Derbyshire); Caroline Lam (Geological Society of London); Adrian James (Society of Antiquaries); Andrew Morrison & Elizabeth McAuliffe (BGS); Nick Ashton (British Museum); Keith Moore and the library staff at the Royal Society; Annette Reuhlmann (Institute of Civil Engineers); Duncan McCormick (Salford Local History Museum); the late Chris Jeens and Owen McKnight (Jesus College, Oxford); Mike Bishop; Tom Lord; Donald McFarlane; Jeff Veitch; Martin Dodge; Dan Adler; as well as the helpful staff at Derbyshire Local Studies Library, Wells Museum, Warwick Country Records Office and the National Portrait Gallery.

Finally, thanks to Paul Pettitt, Beth Upex and the Third Duke of Warmington for reading drafts and providing useful feedback, and to Julian Stasiuk for free accommodation in the heart of Dawkins country and nearly 40 years of laughter.

Preface

My relationship with William Boyd Dawkins began as a postgraduate student at Cambridge, where I studied for a PhD on the British Palaeolithic under Professor (now Sir) Paul Mellars. Dawkins name was one that would frequently crop up in the literature, not just the Victorian sources I mined for information on some of the older sites and early digs, but in modern writings too. In most cases, these references were rather unflattering.

As my attention moved from the Lower to the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, Dawkins became an even more prominent figure, as the excavator of some of the most important sites of that age in the country and author of some of the key papers on sites long since dug-out. Like many before me, I was not overly impressed by some of Dawkins work, particularly in the field. On gaining a post at the University of Durham in 1999, I found myself passing this rather negative impression onto students.

And that is probably where it would have stayed if not for a visit to Durham by Eloise Hanson in 2011. Eloise came to Durham to talk about prospective books that people might be thinking of writing. I told her I was amazed that nobody had ever written a book on Dawkins, and that it would be great if she could find somebody willing to do it. A year later she phoned me up to ask whether Id thought any more about writing that book on William Boyd Dawkins. The result is the current volume. Have my opinions changed? Yes, in many and various ways.

Mark White
Durham, September 2015

Figure 1.1: Map of England and Wales showing some of the key sites and places mentioned in the text.

Chapter 1

Cave Hunting

Protagonist

William Boyd Dawkins (1837-1929) was one of the second wave of cave hunters, those geologists, archaeologists and natural scientists who used the fossils and artefacts discovered within cave sediments to reconstruct the history of the earth and its inhabitants. He was one of first, however, to work within a scientific framework that recognised a deep antiquity and long evolutionary context for humans and other animals. It was a field he would practically make his own. This is his story.

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