Field-Marshal Earl Wavell - Allenby, A Study In Greatness: The Biography Of Field-Marshall Viscount Allenby Of Megiddo And Felixstowe

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This edition is published by PICKLE PARTNERS PUBLISHINGwww.pp-publishing.com

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Text originally published in 1940 under the same title.

Pickle Partners Publishing 2015, all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means, electrical, mechanical or otherwise without the written permission of the copyright holder.

Publishers Note

Although in most cases we have retained the Authors original spelling and grammar to authentically reproduce the work of the Author and the original intent of such material, some additional notes and clarifications have been added for the modern readers benefit.

We have also made every effort to include all maps and illustrations of the original edition the limitations of formatting do not allow of including larger maps, we will upload as many of these maps as possible.

ALLENBY: A STUDY IN GREATNESS

THE BIOGRAPHY OF FIELD-MARSHAL VISCOUNT ALLENBY OF MEGIDDO AND FELIXSTOWE G.C.B. G.C.M.G.

BY

GENERAL SIR ARCHIBALD WAVELL K.C.B. C.M.G. M.C. COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF MIDDLE EAST

FIELD-MARSHAL VISCOUNT ALLENBY OF MEGIDDO AND FELIXSTOWE, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.

Photo Russell and Sons

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REQUEST FROM THE PUBLISHER

DEDICATION

TO

LADY ALLENBY

The general must know how to get his men their rations and every other kind of stores needed in war. He must have imagination to originate plans, practical sense and energy to carry them through. He must be observant, untiring, shrewd, kindly and cruel, simple and crafty, a watchman and a robber, lavish and miserly, generous and stingy, rash and conservative. All these and many other qualities, natural and acquired, he must have. He should also, as a matter of course, know his tactics; for a disorderly mob is no more an army than a heap of building materials is a house.SOCRATES

PREFACE

THE war came before this biography of Field-Marshal Lord Allenby, which was originally to have appeared in one volume, had been finished. As there is little prospect of my having time to write the remaining chapters at present, I have arranged to publish at once the completed portion, which deals with Lord Allenbys military life and campaigns, leaving till later the story of his post-War years, which include the important period when he held the post of High Commissioner for Egypt and did much to shape the political future of that country.

The military career of one of the greatest soldiers of the last war, whose courage and will to victory never faltered, may perhaps be of more interest and value during the present conflict than at a later time; whereas the record of his doings and influence in Egypt during the troubled period from 1919 to 1925 forms a chapter of history of which the results are still being unrolled: its relation can wait till peace comes again.

Lord Allenby kept no diaries or papers and left little personal record of his life; this biography, accordingly, could not have been written without the assistance of his relatives and friends, of those who served with him or under him, or who knew him in his unofficial times. Besides Lady Allenby, his sister, Mrs Porter, and his nephew, Lieutenant-Colonel R. H. Andrew, have given invaluable help. Of those who served with him I would like especially to thank Field-Marshal Sir Philip Chetwode, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.S.L, K.C.M.G., O.M., D.S.O., General Sir George Barrow, G.C.B., K.C.M.G., General Sir John Shea, G.C.B., K.C.M.G., D.S.O., General Sir William Bartholomew, K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O., Lieutenant-Colonel James Stevenson-Hamilton (a brother officer of his early days), Lieutenant-Colonel the Earl of Rosebery, D.S.O., M.C. (who was on his personal staff from 1915 till the end of the Great War), and Major-General G. P. Dawnay, C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. I am much indebted to Brigadier-General Sir James Edmonds, C.B., C.M.G., and Capt. Cyril Falls, of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence, for their help and advice. I also thank the many others who have sent me material or have read and corrected my drafts.

A. P. W.

GENERAL HEADQUARTERS

MIDDLE EAST

June 1940

ILLUSTRATIONS

FIELD-MARSHAL VISCOUNT ALLENBY OF MEGIDDO AND FELIXSTOWE, G.C.B., G.C.M.G.

MR AND MRS HYNMAN ALLENBY AND THEIR FAMILY

EDMUND ALLENBY ABOUT 1870

LIEUTENANT ALLENBY IN 1882

CAPTAIN ALLENBY IN 1891, WHEN ADJUTANT OF THE INNIS-KILLING DRAGOONS

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL ALLENBY DURING THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL ALLENBY IN 1904, WHEN IN COMMAND OF THE 5TH LANCERS

LIEUTENANT MICHAEL ALLENBY

VISCOUNTESS ALLENBY

GENERAL ALLENBYS HEADQUARTERS DURING 1918

VON FALKENHAYN WITH TURKISH GENERALS AND OFFICIALS AT THE RAILWAY-STATION AT JERUSALEM

SOME OF ALLENBYS OPPONENTS IN THE PALESTINE CAMPAIGN

READING THE PROCLAMATION AT THE CITADEL ON GENERAL ALLENBYS ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM

AT TWENTIETH CORPS H.Q.: LOOKING TOWARDS THE MOUNT OF OLIVES (MARCH 1918)

GENERAL SIR EDMUND ALLENBY AT G.H.Q. AT BIR SALEM (MARCH 1918)

A PAGE OF A LETTER WRITTEN BY LIEUTENANT-COLONEL ALLENBY DURING THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR

MAPS AND PLANS

EAST ANGLIA

SOUTH AFRICA (1885)

ALLENBYS SKETCH-MAP TO ILLUSTRATE THE BREAKDOWN TO S.S. PERSIA

SOUTH AFRICA DURING THE BOER WAR

OPERATIONSMODDER RIVER TO BLOEMFONTEIN

INTENDED MOVEMENTS OF THE BRITISH EXPEDITIONARY FORCE, AUGUST 21-23, 1914, AS ORDERED ON AUGUST 20

THE RETREAT FROM MONS, 1914

YPRES, 1914-15

THE BATTLES OF ARRAS, 1917

THE CAPTURE OF BEERSHEBA

THE THIRD BATTLE OF GAZA

THE CAPTURE OF JERUSALEM

THE JORDAN VALLEY

MEGIDDO

THEATRE OF THE PALESTINE CAMPAIGNS (1917-18)

PROLOGUEALLENBY THE MAN

Who would true valour see,

Let him come hither;

Heres one will constant be,

Come wind, come weather.JOHN BUNYAN

Without courage there cannot be truth; and without truth there can be no other virtue.SIR WALTER SCOTT

ALLENBY was the last man who would have cared what his biographer wrote of him, or, indeed, that his biography should be written at all. He never troubled to explain his successes or to justify any action he had taken; he bore no grudge against his critics or detractors; he left behind no account of his life and no material to compile one; he had, in truth, a certain impatience with those who recalled past events, saying that it was only the future that mattered. Yet it is well that an attempt should be made to tell his story and to paint his portrait. Not only is there interest in the record of one who was a successful soldier in the most testing of all wars and a wise, sympathetic administrator in perplexed countries at difficult times; but also Allenbys character was of such rare truth and strength that it can serve as a model, and yet of such humanityrough, violent humanity at timesthat it can escape the aversion that most people feel towards anyone held up as a model.

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