Jessie Carney Smith - Originals!: Black Women Breaking Barriers

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Photo: Vando Rogers

Distinguished in the library profession and a recognized educator, author, and scholar, Jessie Carney Smith is Librarian Emerita of Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee. Previously, she was dean of the library and held the Camille Cosby Distinguished Chair in the Humanities at Fisk. She completed her undergraduate degree at North Carolina A&T State University, continued her studies at Cornell University, holds masters degrees from Michigan State University and Vanderbilt University, and received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois.

Dr. Smiths work with Visible Ink Press resulted in three previous editions of Black Firsts ; two editions of Black Heroes ; The Handy African American History Book ; and, with her colleague Linda T. Wynn, Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the American Civil Rights Experience . Other works that she wrote or edited include Black Women of the Harlem Renaissance Era (with colleague Dr. Leantin L. Bracks); Encyclopedia of African American Business (two volumes, two editions); Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture (three volumes); Notable Black American Women (Books I, II. and III); Notable Black American Men (Books I and II); Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference ; Powerful Black Women ; Ethnic Genealogy ; and Black Academic Libraries and Research Collections .

Widely celebrated for her work, Dr. Smiths recognitions include the National Womens Book Association Award; the Candace Award for excellence in education; Sage magazines Anna J. Cooper Award for research on African American women; the Academic/Research Librarian of the Year Award from the Association of College and Research Libraries; the Distinguished Alumni Award from Peabody College of Vanderbilt University; the Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of Illinois, School of Library and Information Science; the Research Career Award from Fisk University; and the Belle Ringer Image Award from Bennett College for Women. She has been cited by the American Library Association for her contributions to that organization and long tenure at Fisk.

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Paperback ISBN: 978-1-57859-759-8

Ebook ISBN: 978-1-57859-771-0

Hardbound ISBN: 978-1-57859-734-5

Cataloging-in-Publication Data is on file at the Library of Congress.

Printed in India.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ALSO FROM VISIBLE INK PRESS

African American Almanac: 400 Years of Triumph, Courage and Excellence

By Leantin Bracks, Ph.D.

ISBN: 978-1-57859-323-1

The American Womens Almanac: 500 Years of Making History

By Deborah G. Felder

ISBN: 978-1-57859-636-2

Black Firsts: 500 Years of Trailblazing Achievements and Ground-Breaking Events

By Jessie Carnie Smith, Ph.D.

ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-57859-688-1

Black Heroes

By Jessie Carnie Smith, Ph.D.

ISBN: 978-1-57859-136-7

Freedom Facts and Firsts: 400 Years of the African American Civil Rights Experience

By Jessie Carnie Smith, Ph.D., and Linda T. Wynn

ISBN: 978-1-57859-192-3

The Handy African American History Answer Book

By Jessie Carnie Smith, Ph.D.

ISBN: 978-1-57859-452-8

The Handy American History Answer Book

By David L. Hudson, Jr.

ISBN: 978-1-57859-471-9

The Handy Christianity Answer Book

By Stephen A. Werner, Ph.D.

ISBN: 978-1-57859-686-7

The Handy Islam Answer Book

By John Renard, Ph.D.

ISBN: 978-1-57859-510-5

Native American Almanac: More Than 50,000 Years of the Cultures and Histories of Indigenous Peoples

By Yvonne Wakim Dennis, Arlene Hirschfelder, and Shannon Rothenberger Flynn

ISBN: 978-1-57859-507-5

Native American Landmarks and Festivals: A Travelers Guide to Indigenous United States and Canada

By Yvonne Wakim Dennis and Arlene Hirschfelder

ISBN: 978-1-57859-641-6

Trailblazing Women! Amazing Americans Who Made History

By Deborah G. Felder

ISBN: 978-1-57859-729-1

Please visit us at www.visibleinkpress.com.

PHOTO SOURCES

Administrative Office of the United States Courts: p. 231.

Alpha Kappa Alpha: p. 315 (top).

Associated Booking Corporation: p. 30 (top).

The Austin American: p. 187.

Bassano Ltd.: p. 12 (top).

Bibliothque National de France: p. 13.

Bilboard: p. 30 (bottom).

BlackPast.org: p. 183.

Brazile & Associates LLC: p. 263 (bottom).

Brightline: p. 74.

Career Girls: p. 44.

Carolina Digital Library and Archives: p. 288.

Brian Cavan: p. 84.

CDC Public Health Image Library: p. 108.

The Champion Magazine : p. 166.

Chicago Sun Times : p. 31 (bottom).

City of Compton: p. 274.

City of Minneapolis Archives: p. 249.

City of San Francisco: p. 278.

Kizzmekia Corbett: p. 312.

The Crisis : p. 93.

Virginia DeBolt: p. 40.

DenverStoryTrek.org: p. 300.

District of Columbia, Office of the Secretary: p. 233.

Dutch National Archives: p. 318.

Flickr.com/commons: p. 6.

Mark Flores: p. 71.

Florida Memory Project: p. 219.

Florida Supreme Court: p. 271.

Irvine Garland Penn: p. 7 (top).

Adrian Hood: p. 208.

Valerie Brisco Hooks: p. 322.

Jewish Womens Archive: p. 292.

King Kong Photo & www.celebrity-photos.com: pp. 25, 31 (top).

KTBS News: p. 153.

J. D. Lasica: p. 105.

Library of Congress: pp. 4, 11, 15, 17, 22, 24, 26, 27, 90, 91, 214, 21, 221, 276 (top), 286.

Los Angeles Daily News: p. 19.

Los Angeles Public Library: p. 58.

Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library: p. 242 (top).

Fraser MacPherson: p. 28 (bottom).

Marion County, Oregon: p. 236.

Jack Mitchell: p. 39.

MGM Television: p. 28 (top).