Katharine Graham - Personal History

ALSO BY KATHARINE GRAHAM

Katharine Grahams Washington

THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK
PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF, INC .

Copyright 1997 by Katharine Graham

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, and simultaneously in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto. Distributed by Random House, Inc., New York.

http://www.randomhouse.com/

Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to use previously published and unpublished material:

Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., and S. Fischer Verlag: Excerpt from Letters of Thomas Mann, 18891955, selected and translated by Richard and Clara Winston, copyright 1970 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. Rights in the United Kingdom from Thomas Mann/Agnes E. Meyer Briefwechsel 19371955, edited by Vaget, copyright 1992 by S. Fischer Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, administered by S. Fischer Verlag GmbH. Reprinted by permission of Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., and S. Fischer Verlag GmbH.

Yale University: Excerpt from Walter Lippmann letter. Walter Lippmann Papers, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. Reprinted by permission.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Graham, Katharine, [date]
Personal history / Katharine Graham. 1st ed.
p. cm.
eISBN: 978-0-307-75893-4
1. Graham, Katharine, [date]. 2. Newspaper publishingWashington (D.C.)History20th century. 3. Publishers and publishingUnited StatesBiography. 4. Washington post. I. Title.
Z 473. G 7 A 3 1997
070.5O92dc21 96-49638

[ B ]

v3.1

I would like to dedicate this book to
the most important people in it:

my parents, Eugene and Agnes Meyer,

my husband, Philip L. Graham,

my children, Elizabeth (Lally) Weymouth,
and Donald, William, and Stephen Graham

F ROM THE START , I very much wanted to write this book myself, although I realized I wasnt a real professional. I well remember the columnist Walter Lippmann once telling me how hard it was, even for him who wrote all the time, to get back into writing after a hiatus of only a few weeks. That thought kept recurring when I considered whether or not to write on my own rather than with a coauthor. But because I wanted this to be a personal story, I knew I had to tell it myself. If Ive succeeded at all, it is due to two people: my researcher, Evelyn Small, and my editor, Robert Gottlieb.

Ev came from The Washington Post Company, where she was in corporate communications, producing an internal newsletter and doing research for speeches, including mine. She worked for several years at organizing my papers in such a way that we could together take a look back. As time passed, her role grew in importance. She knew as much about my life as I did. She took the words I wrote and shaped them, reminding me of important details, tactfully eliminating others, adding things from the research that Id overlooked. This book could not have happened without Ev. For four years, she was ably assisted by Todd Mendeloff.

Only a small percentage of the stories Ev unearthed and brought to light again could find their way into the book itself, which was also true for the more than 250 interviews we conducted with people ranging from childhood classmates and lifelong friends to many of those who were involved with the Pentagon Papers, Watergate, or The Washington Post Company. But they all added to my perspective.

Bob Gottlieb, whom I first talked with about a book in 1978, became my editor when he returned to Knopf from The New Yorker. He has masterfully edited my copy with meticulous care and a ruthless eye for repetition, tediousness, and sequence. Quite often I found we dont need this written in the margins. Even when he axed a story I might have particularly likedalways in the interest of space, according to Bobthere were few squeals of protest from me. I may have grieved for the fallen pages, but he, Ev, and I always had the same goal in mind. And on those occasions when I thought something essential lay on the floor, Bob generously acceded to my pleading.

My friend Meg Greenfield, editorial page editor of the Post, and Newsweek columnist, whose editing skills and advice have been sought out by me and on whom I have relied for much of my professional life, also read and commented on the manuscript. Megs mind and mine work in similar ways, as do our judgments about people and situations, about what is funny and what is intolerable. Our friendship has endured and grown almost from the moment of her arrival at the Post.

Five other important people also read and commented on the manuscript and were exceedingly helpful: my daughter, Lally, my sons, Don, Bill, and Steve, and my friend Warren Buffett.

This project has renewed my appreciation for the value of archival material. I have spent innumerable hours poring over old letters and memos from and between my parents, my husband, and myself, as well as communications involving Post and Newsweek executives and editors. I am thankful that we all wrote letters in those days. For saving much of this material and organizing it originally, I must acknowledge the late, and incomparable, Charlie Paradise, secretary and assistant to my father, to Phil, and then to me for some years. Charlie used to answer the phone by singing out Paradise. My thanks go also to all of those from whose letters I quote.

I am indebted to Chalmers Roberts, whose living history of the PostThe Washington Post: The First 100 Years (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1977) has been a constant source of information, and to Merlo Pusey, for his biography of my father, Eugene Meyer (Alfred A. Knopf, 1974). Both books informed our research and my thinking.

In my office, I am grateful to Liz Hylton for her devoted and patient work over thirty-three years, including help on the book. She has not only run my office, keeping all my papers and my business and social calendars, but she has managed my houses as well. In many ways she has been my alter ego. For the last two years I have also been greatly helped by my assistant, Barry Tonoff.

I have worked closely for fifteen years with Guyon (Chip) Knight, vice-president for corporate communications at The Washington Post Company, whose extraordinary talents have crafted all my public utterances.

In addition, I want to thank the people in the Posts News Research Center, on whom we relied time and again, for their ever-ready and always accurate information.

I also want to thank the many people at Knopf who have helped me with this book: Sonny Mehta, Jane Friedman, Bill Loverd, and Paul Bogaards for their interest and support; Carol Carson, Virginia Tan, Cassandra Pappas, and Tracy Cabanis for their talented design and production; and Kathy Hourigan, Leyla Aker, Karen Mugler, Amy Scheibe, and Ken Schneider for their editorial assistance.

Of course I am responsible for the final contents of the book. I have tried to be frank and honest while honoring privacy, particularly that of my children, who are, naturally, more important to me than I can describe here and have achieved so much in their own lives. They, too, were deeply and permanently affected by all that happened.

My two surviving sisters, Elizabeth Lorentz and Ruth Epstein, have also been involved, helpful, and interested, sharing with me their own memories and judgments. My late brother, Bill (Eugene Meyer III), was always supportive during his lifetime, and I am eternally grateful for that, although he died before I began the book.