Dr Stella Fletcher - Roscoe and Italy: The Reception of Italian Renaissance History and Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

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ROSCOE AND ITALY

Roscoe and Italy

The Reception of Italian Renaissance History and Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

Edited by

STELLA FLETCHER

First published 2012 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Stella Fletcher 2012

Stella Fletcher has asserted her right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editor of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Roscoe and Italy : the reception of Italian Renaissance

history and culture in the eighteenth and nineteenth

centuries.

1. Roscoe, William, 1753-1831Criticism and

interpretation. 2. Roscoe, William, 1753-1831Knowledge

Italian literature. 3. Roscoe, William, 1753-1831Art

collections. 4. ItalyForeign public opinionHistory

18th century. 5. ItalyForeign public opinionHistory

19th century. 6. ItalyBiographySources.

7. Renaissance in literature.

I. Fletcher, Stella.

828.7'09-dc23

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Fletcher, Stella.

Roscoe and Italy : the reception of Italian Renaissance history and culture in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries / by Stella Fletcher.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-4094-0491-0 (hardcover) ISBN 978-1-4094-5380-2 (ebook) 1. Roscoe, William, 1753-1831Influence. 2. RenaissanceHistoriography. 3. RenaissanceItalyHistoriography. 4. Medici, House of. 5. HistoriansGreat BritainBiography. I. Title.

D15.R6F54 2012

945'.05072dc23

ISBN 9781409404910 (hbk)
ISBN 9781315607047 (ebk)

Contents

Stella Fletcher

Emanuele Pellegrini

Corinna Salvadori Lonergan

Xanthe Brooke

Cecil H. Clough

John E. Law

D.S. Chambers

Arline Wilson

David Rundle

Andrea M. Gldy

Melissa Meriam Bullard

List of Figures

List of Contributors

Xanthe Brooke is Curator of Continental European Art, Walker Art Gallery (National Museums Liverpool), Liverpool.

Melissa Meriam Bullard is Professor of History, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

D.S. Chambers is Honorary Fellow, Warburg Institute, University of London.

Cecil H. Clough is Honorary Senior Fellow, University of Liverpool.

Stella Fletcher is Associate Fellow, Centre for the Study of the Renaissance, University of Warwick.

Andrea M. Gldy is Co-convenor, Collecting and Display Seminar, Institute of Historical Research, University of London.

John E. Law is Reader in History, Swansea University.

Emanuele Pellegrini is Researcher in Art History, IMT, Lucca.

David Rundle is Corpus Christi College, Oxford.

Corinna Salvadori Lonergan is Fellow Emeritus, Trinity College, Dublin.

Arline Wilson is Formerly Lecturer in History, University of Liverpool.

Stella Fletcher

A composite picture of the British in eighteenth-century Italy might reasonably depict Consul Joseph Smith in Venice, collecting incunabula and commissioning paintings from Canaletto, Horace Mann in Florence, providing hospitality to wave upon wave of grand tourists and keeping a wary eye on Jacobite exiles, the Pretenders themselves in Rome, Frascati and wherever their presence happened to be tolerated and William Hamilton in Naples, studying volcanoes and collecting antiquities. The ruins of Rome, Pompeii and Sicily particularly appealed to the classically educated elite though, as Rosemary Sweet has demonstrated; in the course of the century, British visitors came to display a preference for Florence over what were regarded as less salubrious cities elsewhere in the peninsula. With the exception of Venice, each of the major ancien rgime states to which envoys were sent or travellers ventured was governed by princes; in the case of Florence, the grand ducal house of Medici until 1737, followed by that of Habsburg-Lorraine. When the British returned home, freshly discovered antiquities and newly commissioned works of art disappeared into many a country house, some of which were designed by the arch-Palladian Giacomo Leoni or decorated by Italian craftsmen.

The same century offers only rare examples of British authors writing about Italian history: 1729 saw the Aberdonian singer and antiquarian Alexander Gordon publish his Lives of Pope Alexander VI and his Son Caesar Borgia, a work heavily dependent on Tomaso Tomasis Vita di Cesare Borgia (1671), together with the histories of Francesco Guicciardini and Niccol Machiavelli, Platinas lives of the popes, Johannes Burchards diary and materials by Pietro Bembo. Four decades later, William Robertsons History of the Reign of Charles V (1769) encompassed Italian history, but Charless imperial reign did not begin until 1519. It was not until the sixth volume of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1788) that Edward Gibbon addressed aspects of fifteenth-century Italian history, including the last flickers of republicanism in papal Rome

If the history of the British in Italy is resumed in the nineteenth century, after the caesura of the Napoleonic Wars and subsequent economic dislocation, it is one in which the railway-borne bourgeoisie came to replace the aristocratic grand tourists of the previous era and increasingly systematic instruction in every aspect of the serious business of travel was provided by writers such as Mariana Starke and Frances Trollope, as well as by Murrays handbooks. Whether they travelled or not, the reading public was assured that the modern world in general and Britains burgeoning civic culture, in particular, were born in the cities of Italy. The concept of cultural rebirth, revival and resurrection was already familiar before Jules Michelet employed the term Renaissance in relation to the history of France in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and Jacob Burckhardt applied it to Italy between 1300 and 1600. Both the concept and the term duly flourished: Burckhardts Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien (1860) received its first English translation in 1877, shortly after Walter Paters collected Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873) and John Addington Symondss seven-volume Renaissance in Italy

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