Elizabeth Gaskell - The Life of Charlotte Bronte (Barnes & Noble Classics)
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The Life of Charlotte Bronte, by Elizabeth Gaskell, is part of the Barnes & Noble Classics series, which offers quality editions at affordable prices to the student and the general reader, including new scholarship, thoughtful design, and pages of carefully crafted extras. Here are some of the remarkable features of Barnes & Noble Classics:All editions are beautifully designed and are printed to superior specifications; some include illustrations of historical interest. Barnes & Noble Classics pulls together a constellation of influencesbiographical, historical, and literaryto enrich each readers understanding of these enduring works. In 1855 Charlotte Bront, pregnant and married less than a year, fell ill and died of tuberculosisthe same disease that had killed her sisters and brother. Two years after Charlottes death, her friend Elizabeth Gaskell, herself a well-known novelist, completed work on The Life of Charlotte Bront, a biography that was met with immediate acclaim by readers curious to discover more about the enigmatic author of Jane Eyre.Both a work of art and a well-documented interpretation of its subject, Gaskells biography is an extraordinarily vivid and sensitive account of Bronts outer and inner lives: her shyness and strangeness; her intense appreciation of the Bible, poetry, music, and the theater; her love of her family; and her fears of loneliness. Meant to be a defense and vindication of a noble, true, and tender woman, the book paints Bront as an unforgettable figure careening between depression and exaltation. It also portrays her suffering. In her personal life, Bront knew deprivation and loss, while in her artistic life, despite her fame, she had been taunted as coarse and had none of the advantages that a man might take for granted.A powerful tribute from one writer to another, The Life of Charlotte Bront remains one of the most evocative and perceptive biographies ever written.Anne Taranto was educated at Columbia and Oxford Universities and at Yale University, where she earned a Ph.D. She has taught courses on the novel and on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century literature at Georgetown University and is currently at work on a study of Charlotte Bront?s relationship to the literary marketplace.
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Table of Contents
FROM THE PAGES OF THE LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONT
The parsonage stands at right angles to the road, facing down upon the church; so that, in fact, parsonage, church, and belfried school-house, form three sides of an irregular oblong, of which the fourth is open to the fields and moors that lie beyond. (page 13)
For a right understanding of the life of my dear friend, Charlotte Bront, it appears to me more necessary in her case than in most others, that the reader should be made acquainted with the peculiar forms of population and society amidst which her earliest years were passed, and from which both her own and her sisters first impressions of human life must have been received. (page 18)
Children leading a secluded life are often thoughtful and dreamy: the impressions made upon them by the world withoutthe unusual sights of earth and skythe accidental meetings with strange faces and figures(rare occurrences in those out-of-the-way places)are sometimes magnified by them into things so deeply significant as to be almost supernatural. (page 74)
Human affairs are mutable, and human resolutions must bend to the course of events. We are all about to divide, break up, separate. Emily is going to school, Branwell is going to London, and I am going to be a governess. (page 107)
I am no teacher; to look on me in that light is to mistake me. To teach is not my vocation. What I am, it is useless to say. Those whom it concerns feel and find it out. (page 326)
I want us all to get on. I know we have talents, and I want them to be turned to account. (page 166)
Perfection is not the lot of humanity; and as long as we can regard those we love, and to whom we are closely allied, with profound and never-shaken esteem, it is a small thing that they should vex us occasionally by what appear to us unreasonable and headstrong notions.
(page 231)
There is no more respectable character on this earth than an unmarried woman, who makes her way through life quietly, perseveringly, without support of husband or brother. (page 232)
She went on with her work steadily. But it was dreary to write without any one to listen to the progress of her tale,to find fault or to sympathise,while pacing the length of the parlour in the evenings, as in the days that were no more. Three sisters had done this,then two, the other sister dropping off from the walk,and now one was left desolate, to listen for echoing steps that never came,and to hear the wind sobbing at the windows, with an almost articulate sound. (pages 317318)
The characters were her companions in the quiet hours, which she spent utterly alone, unable often to stir out of doors for many days together. The interests of the persons in her novels supplied the lack of interest in her own life; and Memory and Imagination found their appropriate work, and ceased to prey upon her vitals. But too frequently she could not write, could not see her people, nor hear them speak; a great mist of headache had blotted them out; they were non existent to her. (page 402)
I appeal to that larger and more solemn public, who know how to look with tender humility at faults and errors; how to admire generously extraordinary genius, and how to reverence with warm, full hearts all noble virtue. To that Public I commit the memory of Charlotte Bront. (page 454)
ELIZABETH GASKELL
Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson was born in London in 1810, the daughter of Unitarian parents. Her father chose a variety of different careers, including experimental farming, preaching in the Unitarian church, and writing for various periodicals. Her mother died the year after Elizabeth was born, and of the eight children she bore, only two survived childhood. Elizabeth was raised by her maternal aunt, Hannah Holland Lumb, whose farm in rural Knutsford provided a serene and happy childhood for the young girl. Unitarians believed in education for girls, and after lessons at home Elizabeth was further educated at a progressive boarding school.
Elizabeths ties to her brother John were kept up through letters and occasional visits. After setting sail for India in 1828, he disappeared without a trace, leaving Elizabeth stunned and her father in deep depression. Her fathers failing health compelled Elizabeth to travel to London to nurse him until his death the following year. After his death, Elizabeth visited a variety of cultured family members, and met William Gaskell, an assistant Unitarian preacher in Manchester, whom she wed in 1832.
Although the Industrial Revolution thrummed in the background of her childhood, it was Williams Manchester congregation that first put Gaskell in touch with the grim realities of factory work. Cotton mills dominated the labor force in the city, and filthy shanty towns housed thousands of exploited, undernourished mill workers. William and Elizabeth were kept busy by their congregation and by their efforts to address the social problems that plagued the booming industrial city of Manchester. Although she had written only personal diaries, and was also busy raising her own family in the early years of her marriage, Gaskells community work inspired her to collaborate with her husband on the narrative poem Sketches Among the Poor, No. 1, which was published in 1837.
Gaskells happy, busy life was interrupted by tragedy in 1845 when her infant son died of scarlet fever while on a family vacation. Overcome by grief, Gaskell followed her husbands advice and became absorbed in her writing. The result was her first novel, Mary Barton: A Tale of a Manchester Life (1848), which earned her instant successand hostile criticism from the cotton mill owners whom she so unsparingly portrayed. Gaskell went on to write six other novels: Cranford (1853), Ruth (1853), North and South (1855), Sylvias Lovers (1863), Cousin Phyllis (1864), and Wives and Daughters (1866). She also wrote numerous short stories, as well as a famous biography of her friend, The Life of Charlotte Bront (1857). Much of Gaskells short fiction appeared in popular literary journals, and several of her novels were serialized in those publications. Gaskells works were popular during her lifetime and received critical acclaim as well. Friendships with literary giants of the dayincluding Charles Dickens, who also published her work in his journalsaided her career, and frequent travels throughout Europe gave her material for her writing and eased the strains of an extremely busy life. Gaskell had six children, four of whom, all daughters, lived to be adults.
In 1865 Gaskell bought a country house in Hampshire as a surprise for her husbands retirement. By then her last novel, Wives and Daughters, was being serialized in the Cornhill Magazine. Physically exhausted, and yet to complete the final installment of her novel, Elizabeth Gaskell died suddenly on a visit to the house on November 12, 1865. Although never completed, Wives and Daughters is considered by many to be a study in character on a par with the novels of George Eliot and Jane Austen. Elizabeth Gaskell was buried at Brook Street Chapel in Knutsford.
THE WORLD OF ELIZABETH GASKELL AND THE LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONT
| 1800 | The Napoleonic Wars begin. |
| 1810 | Elizabeth Cleghorn Stevenson is born on September 29 in London to Unitarian parents. She is her parents eighth and last child. |
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