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Neil Kent - Helsinki: A Cultural History

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Neil Kent Helsinki: A Cultural History
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Helsinki is one of the worlds most northerly capitals, but it is by no means a city frozen in northern wastes. Situated along the southern shore of the Gulf of Finland, magnificent lakes and forests reach into Helsinkis urban heart, a rare event in todays world of suburban sprawl. The citys natural beauty, emphasized by parks and islands, is matched by an extraordinary cultural richness, the result of fruitful foreign influences and home-grown creativity. The Finnish capital offers a spectacular display of architecture and design: from the neoclassical magnificence imposed by a Russian Czar to the modernist chic of Nordic functionalism. Neil Kent explores the history and culture of the Daughter of the Baltic, a small fishing village that became a powerhouse of design and technology. Tracing its dramatic past of conflict and conflagration, he explores the evolution of a national, and urban, identity through architecture, art and writing. Through such differing cultural phenomena as saunas, railway stations and tango, he explains why Helsinki is a distinctive mix of tradition and innovation.
  • The city of architects and designers: Engel, Czar Alexander I and the creation of an imperial metropolis; Alvar Aaalto and the birth of the modern; functionalism and high-tech innovation.
    • The city of music and the arts: Sibelius, the national composer; conductors and performers; art galleries and installations; National Romanticism and the Nordic aesthetic.
    • The city of hospitality: Art Nouveau hotels and cafes; sauna culture; famous visitors and refugees: Lenin and Hitler; multicultural Helsinki and a history of migration.
  • Neil Kent: author's other books


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    Also in the series Buenos Aires by Jason Wilson Oxford by David Horan - photo 1
    Also in the series Buenos Aires by Jason Wilson Oxford by David Horan - photo 2

    Also in the series:

    Buenos Aires by Jason Wilson
    Oxford by David Horan
    Mexico City by Nick Caistor
    Rome by Jonathan Boardman
    Madrid by Elizabeth Nash
    Venice by Martin Garrett
    Lisbon by Paul Buck
    Havana by Claudia Lightfoot
    New York City by Eric Homberger
    Brussels by Andr de Vries
    Prague by Richard Burton
    Calcutta by Krishna Dutta
    Edinburgh by Donald Campbell
    San Francisco by Mick Sinclair
    Cambridge by Martin Garrett
    Kingston by David Howard
    Athens by Michael Llewellyn Smith
    Istanbul by Pater Clark
    Hamburg by Matthew Jefferies
    Lagos by Kaye Whiteman
    Sicily by Joseph Farrell
    Miami by Anthony P. Maingot

    This edition first published 2014 by INTERLINK BOOKS An imprint of Interlink - photo 3

    This edition first published 2014 by
    INTERLINK BOOKS
    An imprint of Interlink Publishing Group, Inc.
    46 Crosby Street, Northampton, Massachusetts 01060

    Copyright Neil Kent, 2005, 2014
    Foreword Laura Kolbe, 2005, 2014

    All rights reserved. The whole of this work, including all text and illustrations, is protected by copyright. No parts of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior written permission from the publisher.

    Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

    Kent, Neil.
    Helsinki : a cultural and literary history / by Neil Kent.1st American ed.
    p. cm.(Cities of the imagination)
    Includes index.
    ISBN 978-1-56656-544-8 (pbk.)
    1. Helsinki (Finland)Description and travel. 2. Literary
    landmarksFinlandHelsinki. 3. Helsinki (Finland)Intellectual life.
    4. Helsinki (Finland)Guidebooks. I. Title. II. Series.
    DL1175.28.K46 2004
    914.897'1dc22

    2004004615

    Drawings by Maggie Claringbull
    Cover Images: Helsinki City Tourist & Convention Bureau

    Printed in the United States of America

    To request our complete 40-page full-color catalog, please call us toll free at 1-800-238-LINK, visit our website at www.interlinkbooks.com, or write to InterlinkPublishing 46 Crosby Street, Northampton, MA 01060
    e-mail: info@interlinkbooks.com

    Contents

    Early History
    Swedish Rule
    Imperial City
    War and Peace
    The Cityscape
    C OMMERCIAL H ELSINKI:
    F ROM H ERRINGS T O H I -T ECH
    Early days
    Baltic Port
    Trade and Industry
    Markets
    Industrialization
    Banking
    Workers Metropolis
    Electrification and Electronics
    Working-Class Life
    The Depression
    Post-War Developments
    Soviet Collapse and New Beginnings
    I MPERIAL H ELSINKI:
    T HE C ZAR, T HE A RCHITECT AND THE N EW C ITY
    The Meilahti Estate
    Fire and Rebirth
    EngelsVision
    Senate House
    Costly Construction
    Aristocratic Playground
    Imperial Rule
    Autonomy UnderThreat
    Revolutionary Stirrings
    Mixed Legacy
    M ILITARY H ELSINKI:
    W AR AND W ARRIORS
    Suomenlinna Fortress
    Russian Stronghold
    TheCantonist Military School
    Engels Military Barracks
    Military and Police
    The Crimean War
    GeneralStrike
    The First World War, Independence and the CivilWar
    Gustaf Mannerheim
    The Winter War
    TheContinuation War
    Peace and Resettlement
    Post-WarRetrenchment and Reconstruction
    E THNIC H ELSINKI:
    L ANGUAGE, I DENTITY AND C OMMUNITY
    Early Ethnic Composition
    Swedish and Russian
    TheFinnish Folk Revival
    Awakening of Swedish-FinnishIdentity
    Finnish-Russian Relations
    CulturalDivide
    German-Speakers
    War and Reconciliation
    Literary Expressions
    Language and Legislation
    Romaand Saami Peoples
    Helsinkis Jews
    Russians inHelsinki
    Latter-Day Refugees
    The ContemporaryScene
    G OD AND H ELSINKI:
    C HURCHES, F AITHS AND R ELIGIOUS D IVERSITY
    Early Churches
    The Old Church
    The Great Church ofSt. Nicholas
    Spiritual Diversity
    Holy TrinityChurch
    Military Chapel
    The Uspensky Cathedral
    Orthodox Autonomy
    The Jewish Community
    TheCatholic Minority
    Muslim Helsinki
    ReligiousFreedoms
    Other Religions
    New Churches
    H ELSINKI AND N ATURE:
    W EATHER, S PORTS AND P UBLIC H EALTH
    Landscaping the New Helsinki
    Botanical Gardens
    Planting the Esplanade
    Kaisaniemi Park
    Attractions of Nature
    Winter in Helsinki
    Rus in Urbe
    Epidemics
    The Olympics
    H ELSINKI AND R OMANTICISM:
    M YTH, E PIC AND A RCHITECTURE
    Runeberg and Lnnrot
    The Kalevala
    Aleksis Kivi
    Akseli Gallen-Kallela and Karelia
    Saarinen and National Romantic Architecture
    Katajanokka
    The Pohjola Insurance Company
    The Helsinki Railway Station
    Gustav Nystrm and Lars Sonck
    Seurasaari Open Air Museum
    The Twentieth-Century Kalevala Revival
    H ELSINKI AND M ODERNITY:
    U RBAN G ROWTH, A RCHITECTURE AND D ESIGN
    Urban Change
    Suburban Growth
    Transport
    Urgent Development
    Post-War Building
    Finnish Design
    Arabia
    Modern Furniture
    High-Rise Helsinki
    Alvar Aalto
    Tapiola
    The Changing Face of Helsinki
    Urho Kekkonen: Modern Politics
    The Presidential Residence at Tamminiemi
    Womens Rights
    I NTELLECTUAL H ELSINKI:
    S CIENCE AND L EARNING
    Early Humanism
    The Observatory
    Books and Printers
    Schools
    Helsinki University
    Helsinki Polytechnic University
    Educated Nation
    Libraries
    Exploration and Philosophy
    The Birth of Technological Research
    Nokia
    Modern Technology
    H ELSINKI AND H OSPITALITY:
    H OTELS, D RINKING AND S AUNAS
    The Seurahuone
    Advent of the Steamship
    The Ullanlinna Spa
    Kappeli
    Hotel Kmp and Other Hostelries
    Restaurants
    Car Ferries
    Popular Entertainment
    Red Light District and Night Life
    Alcohol
    Contemporary Cafs
    Saunas
    H ELSINKI AND THE V ISUAL A RTS:
    M USEUMS, G ALLERIES AND A RTISTS
    Cygnaeus Gallery
    Ateneum
    The National Museum and Sinebrychoff Museum
    The Kunsthalle
    Finnish-Russian Cultural Links
    Worlds Fair, 1900
    The Kaivopuisto Spa Colony
    Havis Amanda: Public Sculpture
    Amos Anderson: Private Patrons
    Villa Gyllenberg
    Didrichsen Art Museum
    Venues Old and New
    Kiasma
    Art and Crafts
    H ELSINKI AND THE P ERFORMING A RTS:
    M USIC, O PERA AND B ALLET
    Early Musical Venues
    Fredrik Pacius
    Kantele
    Merikanto and Wegelius: National Tradition
    Sibelius
    Later Composers
    Performers and Conductors
    The Finnish Ballet
    The Sibelius Academy
    Theater Life in Helsinki
    Finlandia Hall
    Circuses
    Jazz and Tango
    The Live Music Society
    Contemporary Music
    Films
    City of the Future

    Foreword

    Helsinki: the Blue-White Daughter of theBaltic Sea?

    The growth and planning of Europes national capitals are closely linked to political, social and economic forces. Local, national and international changes are clearly visible in the history of Helsinki. Urbanization came late to Finlands capital city. Throughout the past two centuries it has appeared to foreign eyes above all as a modern city, even if the central part of the townscape is full of architecture dating from the beginning of the nineteenth century. As a Nordic capital, Helsinkis spirit has been, and still is, informed by a constant drive towards cultural modernity. This includes an ability to quickly reinvent itself while maintaining its historical roots.

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