Michael Burgan - Olympic Gold 1936: How the Image of Jesse Owens Crushed Hitlers Evil Myth

people or nations that work together for a common causehostility to or prejudice against Jewsto refuse to take part in something as a protesteconomic system that allows people to freely create businesses and own as much property as they can affordsystem in which goods and property are owned by the government and shared in common; communist rulers limit personal freedoms to achieve their goalsunfair treatment of a person or groupshort movies dealing with current events that were shown in movie theaters before the main filman unjust or cruel exercise of authority or poweruse of photography to capture events and persons in the newshatred or unfair treatment of people who belong to a certain social groupinformation spread to try to influence the thinking of people; often not completely true or fairformal expression of opinion, will, or intent voted on by an official body or assembled grouphaving separate schools and other public places for people based on their racefarmer who works land owned by someone else in exchange for housing and part of the profits

1. Linda Jacobs. Adolf Hitler and the Rise of the Third Reich. NewYork: Enslow Publishing, 2016.
2. Don. Hitler in Paris: How a Photograph Shocked a World at War. North Mankato, Minn.: Compass Point Books, 2014.
3. Jackie F. Jesse Owens: Facing Down Hitler. NewYork: Cavendish Square, 2016.

Do you think American athletes should have boycotted the 1936 Berlin Games? Why or why not? (Integration of Knowledge and Ideas)

In discussing racism and discrimination, fellow Olympian Louis Zamperini said nothing bothered Jesse Owens. Do you think that is true? Why or why not? (Key Ideas and Details)

What were some of the techniques Leni Riefenstahl used to make Olympia unlike other films about sports? (Craft and Structure)

1. Jeremy Schaap. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007, p. 195.
2. Jesse Owens and Paul G. Neimark. Jesse: A Spiritual Autobiography. Plainfield, N.J.: Logos International, 1978, p. 62.
3. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics, p. 192.
4. David Clay Large. Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007, p. 233.
5. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics, p. 207.
6. Jesse: A Spiritual Autobiography, p. 76.
7. Jeremy Schaap. The Olympian and the Dictator. Runners World. March 2007, pp. 7778.
8. Owens Surpasses Three World Records. The New York Times. 26 May 1935, p. S1.
9. Piers Brendon. The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s. New York: Knopf, 2000, p. 521.
10. Frederick T. Birchall. Crowded Program at the Games Keeps Garmisch Visitors on Jump. The New York Times. 12 Feb. 1936, p. 28.
11. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics, p. 71.
12. A.A.U. Blocks Vote on Olympics Ban; New Fight Today. The New York Times. 8 Dec. 1935, p. 1.
13. Jesse: A Spiritual Autobiography, p. 63.
14. Ibid.
15. Heinrich Hoffmann. Hitler Was My Friend. Translated by R. H. Stevens. London: Burke, 1955, p. 49.
16. Jrgen Trimborn. Leni Riefenstahl: A Life. Translated by Edna McCown. New York: Faber and Faber, 2007, p. 31.
17. Ibid., p. 55.
18. Leni Riefenstahl. A Memoir. New York: St. Martins Press, 1993, p. 205.
19. Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936, p. 307.
20. Owens Out of Relay. The New York Times. 5 Aug. 1936, p. 27.
21. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics, p. 223.
22. Ibid.
23. The Associated Press. Stoller Declares He Will Quit Track.The New York Times. 10 Aug. 1936, p. 13.
24. The Associated Press. Owens to Turn Pro If Offers Suit Him. The New York Times. 11 Aug. 1936, p. 26.
25. William J. Baker. Jesse Owens: An American Life. New York: The Free Press, 1986, p. 131.
26. Ibid.
27. Hitlers Battle of the Colors: Doubt Cast on Olympic Friendship between Owens and Long.
28. A Memoir, p. 527.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., p. 580.
31. Leni Riefenstahl: A Life, p. 152.
32. Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936, p. 93.

1. A.A.U. Blocks Vote on Olympics Ban; New Fight Today. The New York Times. 8 Dec. 1935, p. 1.
2. The Associated Press. Owens to Turn Pro If Offers Suit Him. The New York Times. 11 Aug. 1936, p. 26.
3. The Associated Press. Stoller Declares He Will Quit Track. The New York Times. 10 Aug. 1936, p. 13.
4. Baker, William J. Jesse Owens: An American Life. New York: The Free Press, 1986.
5. Birchall, Frederick T. Crowded Program at the Games Keeps Garmisch Visitors on Jump.The New York Times. 12 Feb. 1936, p. 28.
6. Brasher, Chris. From the Vault: Jesse Owens in His Own Words. The Guardian. 31 March 2008. 7 June 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2008/apr/01/fromthevaultjesseowensin
7. Brendon, Piers. The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s.
8. New York: Knopf, 2000.
9. Deford, Frank. The Ghost of Berlin. Sports Illustrated. 4 Aug. 1986. 13 June 2016. http://www.si.com/vault/1986/08/04/113743/the-ghost-of-berlin-fifty-years-ago-leni-riefenstahl-directed-a-brilliant-film-about-the-olympics-but-her-association-with-adolf-hitler-has-shadowed-her-life
10. Goldman, Tom. Was Jesse Owens 1936 Long-Jump Story a Myth? NPR. 14 Aug. 2009. 9 Aug. 2016. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=111878822
11. Hilton, Christopher. How Hitler Hijacked World Sport: the World Cup, the Olympics, the Heavyweight Championship and the Grand Prix. Charleston, S.C.: The History Press, 2011.
12. Hoffmann, Heinrich. Hitler Was My Friend. Translated by R. H. Stevens. London: Burke, 1955.
13. Jesse Owens. American Experience. PBS. 7 June 2016. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/transcript/owens-transcript/
14. Kershaw, Ian. Hitler: A Biography. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.
15. Large, David Clay. Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007.
16. The Man Behind Hitler. American Experience. 7 June 2016. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/goebbels/peopleevents/e_olympics.html
17. Marty Glickman Interview. The Nazi Olympics: Berlin 1936. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 20 May 1996. 8 June 2016. http://collections.ushmm.org/oh_findingaids/RG-50.429.0004_trs_en.pdf
18. Owens, Jesse, and Paul G. Neimark. Jesse: A Spiritual Autobiography. Plainfield, N.J.: Logos International, 1978.
19. Owens Out of Relay. The New York Times. 5 Aug. 1936, p. 27.
20. Owens Surpasses Three World Records. The New York Times. 26 May 1935, p. S1.
21. Riefenstahl, Leni. A Memoir. New York: St. Martins Press, 1993. Schaap, Jeremy. The Olympian and the Dictator. Runners World. March 2007, pp. 7778.
22. Schaap, Jeremy. Triumph: The Untold Story of Jesse Owens and Hitlers Olympics. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.
23. Snyder, Larry. My Boy Jesse. The Saturday Evening Post. 7 Nov. 1936. 7 June 2016.http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2016/02/19/history/post-perspective/boy-jesse.html
24. Trimborn, Jrgen. Leni Riefenstahl: A Life. Translated by Edna McCown. New York: Faber and Faner, 2007.