Thomas Longueville - The First Duke and Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne

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Transcribers Notes.

Footnotes were moved to the ends of the text they pertain to and numbered in one continuous sequence.

Other changes made are noted at the

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WILLIAM CAVENDISH, DUKE OF NEWCASTLE

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THE
FIRST DUKE AND DUCHESS
OF
NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE

BY THE AUTHOR OF

A LIFE OF SIR KENELM DIGBY, THE LIFE OF A PRIG, ETC.

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.

39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON

NEW YORK, BOMBAY, AND CALCUTTA

1910

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PREFACE

The compiler of these pages does not labour under the delusion that he has written a book. All that he has attempted has been, as it were, to invite his reader to an arm-chair in his study, and to place in the readers hands a succession of open volumes and copies of manuscripts containing passages which throw more or less light upon the lives of the first Duke and Duchess of Newcastle. Occasionally he has ventured to make a few remarks, either of introduction or of retrospection, concerning the evidence thus brought before his guest, remarks which may easily be skipped at will.

This humble form of literary labour has the signal advantage that, if it fails to attract the reader, it succeeds in affording an object for reading to the writer.

Much assistance has been most kindly given in this work by Mr. Walter Herries Pollock.

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CONTENTS

PAGE

Preface

CHAPTER I.

Clarendons History and the Duchesss biographyPepysFamily historyA wonderful grandmotherBoyhoodHobbesWottenThe Court of SavoySaid to have been disliked by BuckinghamMarriage

CHAPTER II.

Raised to the peeragePurchases of peeragesCorrespondence with BuckinghamCousin PierrepontCreated Earl of NewcastleMoney-squeezingNewcastles rent-rollLetters among the Portland MSS.

CHAPTER III.

Personality of NewcastleCharles I goes to ScotlandDinner to the King at WelbeckWentworth made Lord Deputy in IrelandCorrespondence about the post of Governor to the Prince of WalesThe King stays at WelbeckNewcastle discouraged in LondonLetters to his wife

CHAPTER IV.

Appointed Governor to the Prince of WalesHis pupil will not take his medicineAdvice of the Governor to the pupilResigns the GovernorshipSir Walter Scott on the Princes GovernorsHampden, Prynne and othersExpedition against the ScotsNewcastles troop of gentlemenQuarrel with Lord HollandLetter from Sir John Suckling

CHAPTER V.

Fears of civil warThe Short ParliamentAwkward position of StraffordConwayThe King goes to YorkThe Long ParliamentExecutions of Strafford and LaudThe QueenSucklings plotThreatened impeachment of the QueenThe five membersThe King leaves LondonCharles appoints Newcastle Governor of HullThe Parliament appoints Sir John Hotham Governor of HullNewcastle summoned to London by the ParliamentSir John HothamThe King goes to HullNewcastle appointed to the command of the four northern counties, and made governor of the city of Newcastle

CHAPTER VI.

Charles raises his standard at NottinghamAppointment of Fairfax as Newcastles opponentSedition in DurhamNewcastle raises an armyWeapons of the periodSupplies sent by the King of DenmarkArmy of the NorthInsurrection in YorkshireNewcastle goes to YorkA battle la Don QuixoteWinter quartersNewcastle as a General

CHAPTER VII.

The General of InfantryThe General of CavalryThe General of ArtilleryTadcasterCorrespondence with HothamPropositions of ParliamentObjections to Catholics in Newcastles armyThe Parliament specially excepts Newcastle in case of a general amnestyThe coming of the Queen to Yorkshire

CHAPTER VIII.

Boynton HallThe Queen carries off the plateSir Hugh CholmleyPosition of the HothamsHotham tells Newcastle that he is being traduced at CourtCholmleys Memorials of the Hothams

CHAPTER IX.

Gorings victory at Bramham MoorGorings defeat at WakefieldNewcastle takes Rotherham, Sheffield and Howley HouseNewcastles great victory at Adderton MoorNewcastle contemplates going South to the assistance of the KingHe is created a MarquessHe besieges HullThe King wishes him to go to the SouthNewcastle raises the siege of Hull

CHAPTER X.

Newcastle goes to Chesterfield, and from thence to Bolsover and WelbeckNews of an approaching Scottish invasionNewcastle encounters it at NewcastleA battleSkirmishesA dispatch of NewcastlesDisaster to some of Newcastles troops at SelbyHe retreats to YorkAsks to be relieved of his commandA letter from CharlesHume on Newcastle

CHAPTER XI.

An army comes from Ireland to relieve the RoyalistsIt relieves their enemiesNewcastle besieged at YorkHe sends Goring with his cavalry to manuvre in the adjoining countiesAttacks, counterattacks, and sallies, at YorkNewcastle appeals to the King for reinforcementsProgress of the siege of YorkNewcastle asks the conditions of surrenderThe army of the Associated CountiesThe Earl of ManchesterOliver CromwellState Papers about the proceedings of Gorings horseState Papers about the siege of York

CHAPTER XII.

Newcastles feeling towards RupertRupert reaches YorkProblems before each armyCouncils of warRetirement of the enemyReturn of the enemyMarston MoorSoldiers refuse to fight until paidThe order of battleIll-feeling between Ethyn and RupertPsalm-singing and preachingRest, a pipe, and a sleep

CHAPTER XIII.

Opening of the battle of Marston MoorNewcastle in the fightSuccess of his horse on the left wingReports of a Royalist victory spread throughout the countrySuccess of the Roundhead horse on their own leftAction of CromwellHeroism of Newcastles WhitecoatsDefeat

CHAPTER XIV.

Newcastle determines to fly the countryHis journeyHis condition at HamburgClarendons opinion of his flightSurrender of YorkQuarrels among the Parliamentary GeneralsManchester visits WelbeckDeath of Lady NewcastleLetters from HamburgBorrowing moneyJourney to ParisMeets Margaret Lucas

CHAPTER XV.

Margaret LucasA duelA perfect familyLove-lettersOpposition by the QueenMarriageSix per centRaising the wind

CHAPTER XVI.

The Queen shows favour to NewcastleA regal snubHenrietta gives Newcastle 2000He keeps a large studHis creditors tender farewellRotterdamAntwerpMore borrowingLady Newcastle sent to England to raise moneyExecution of Charles ILiterary tastes of Lady NewcastleShe returns to her husbandThe starving man has a large studDeath of Sir Charles CavendishCorrespondence of NewcastleCalls himself Prince

CHAPTER XVII.

The RestorationNewcastle pawns his wife and returns to England after an exile of sixteen yearsRedeems his wife from pawnHis financial affairs as stated by his wifeChief Justice in EyreA stock of tobaccoSymptoms of rebellionA sons debtsCreated a DukeBinds a son very tightlyA gentle snubMarriage negotiations

CHAPTER XVIII.

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