M. B. B. Biskupski - War and Diplomacy in East and West: A Biography of Józef Retinger

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Finally, weve lived to see a reliable and comprehensive work on the life and activities of Jzef Retinger a Polish politician with incredible connections and influence in the Western world, the Godfather of the European Union, founder of the Bilderberg Group, and author of many initiatives of international importance that shaped the political image of the world in the twentieth century. The author of this book made use of a broad base of sources, including sources not presented so far, which shed new light on the activities of this extremely interesting character. The work of Biskupski has high scientific value and the efficient narrative makes pleasant reading.

Andrzej Pieczewski, University of d, Poland

The mystery of Europes notorious minence grise is finally unveiled in a fascinating deconstruction of the myth of Jzef H. Retinger, international agent of Polish origin. Did Retinger really influence the results of both world wars, revolution in Mexico and the creation of the European Union? Was he a Jesuit, free-mason or Soviet spy? Biskupskis brilliant lifes work provides the thoroughly documented answers.

Wadysaw Buhak, specialist in the field of intelligence studies, Warsaw, Poland

Jzef Retinger was a key figure in the Polish government-in-exile during the Second World War, often referred to as General Sikorskis eminence grise. His political career, before the war, in this government and as one of the founders of the movement for European integration has been the subject of much speculation and mystification. This well-researched and highly readable biography provides a definitive account of his political career and is essential reading for all interested in the history of World War II and of the post-war years.

Antony Polonsky, Emeritus Professor of Holocaust Studies, Brandeis University and Chief historian, POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews, Warsaw, Poland

War and Diplomacy in East and West

The New York Times said of Jzef Hieronim Retinger that he was on intimate terms with most leading statesmen of the Western world, including presidents of the United States. He has been repeatedly acknowledged as one of the principal architects of the movement for European unity after World War II, and one of the outstanding creative political influences of the postwar period. He has also been credited with being the dark master behind the so-called Bilderberg Group, described variously as an organization of idealistic internationalists, and a malevolent global conspiracy.

Before that, Retinger involved himself in intelligence activities during World War II and, given the covert and semi-covert nature of many of his activities, it is little wonder that no biography has appeared about him. This book draws on a broad range of international archives to rectify that.

M. B. B. Biskupski holds the S. A. Blejwas Endowed Chair in Polish History at Central Connecticut State University, USA.

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A Biography of Jzef Retinger

M. B. B. Biskupski

First published 2017

by Routledge

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and by Routledge

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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2017 M. B. B. Biskupski

The right of M. B. B. Biskupski to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

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ISBN: 978-1-138-21845-1 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-43765-1 (ebk)

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Contents

1. i
2. ii
3. iii
4. iv

Guide

Jzef Hieronim Retinger, one of the most mysterious figures of the twentieth century, was a much misunderstood man.

Relatively little has been written regarding Retinger. A version of his memoirs compiled by his secretary, Jan Pomian, is the usual source for virtually all writing on him. It has gaps, however. Despite this, it is an indispensable source containing excerpts from Retingers letters and a shrewd commentary by Pomian, who was Retingers secretary and friend. There are four different attempts at a full biography. Bogdan Podgrskis is most helpful and exploits a number of archival sources, but far from all. He is heavily indebted to Pomian.

Retinger makes brief appearances in many memoirs, letter collections, and studies of related themes: these are often tantilizing but not fully explanatory, leaving many blind allies. His materials, some quite skimpy, are scattered about in many archives. I have tried to exploit all of the major repositories in many languages, and as many of the minor ones as I could.

I would like to thank a number of colleagues who have been kind enough to tender me their advice over the years relating to Retinger and my depiction of him. These include Piotr Wrbel of the University of Toronto, Piotr S. Wandycz of Yale, Neal Pease of the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, the late Anna Cienciala of the University of Kansas, Grzegorz Witkowski of the University of Warsaw, Linda Biesele Hall of the University of New Mexico, Jean Szczypien of the Fashion Institute of Technology, Jrgen Buchenau of the University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Christopher N. Fritsch, and particularly Jan Pomian, Retingers last secretary, with whom I kept in regular correspondence to discover his unmatched knowledge and insightful views concerning Retinger. I should also like to thank the late Feliks Gross, President of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America, Andrzej Pieczewski of the University of d, and Richard J. Aldrich, of the University of Warwick. All of these scholars have helped me.

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