Kitchener Horatio Herbert Kitchener - Kitcheners army : the raising of the new armies, 1914-1916

KITCHENERS
ARMY

KITCHENERS
ARMY

THE RAISING OF THE NEW ARMIES
19141916

First published in Great Britain in 1988 by
Manchester University Press
Reprinted in 2007 by
PEN & SWORD MILITARY
an imprint of
Pen & Sword Books Ltd
47 Church Street
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Copyright Peter Simkins, 1988, 2007

ISBN 978 1 84415 585 9

The right of Peter Simkins to be identified as Author
of this work has been asserted by him in accordance
with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

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available from the British Library.

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It is impossible to thank adequately all those who have helped me in the preparation of this book. However, I must acknowledge the considerable debt of gratitude which I owe to the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum and to the two Directors under whom I have worked, Dr Noble Frankland and Dr Alan Borg, for giving me both the opportunity and the time to undertake the necessary research and to complete the manuscript. Robert Crawford, the Deputy Director and Head of the Research and Information Office, has also offered me valued support at every stage of the project.

Of my many colleagues in the Museum who have helped and encouraged me throughout, I wish to extend my special thanks to Roderick Suddaby and the staff of the Department of Documents, to Dr Gwyn Bayliss and the Department of Printed Books, to Jane Carmichael and the Department of Photographs and to Margaret Brooks and the Department of Sound Records. Others who have been of great assistance to me include Laurie Milner, Mark Seaman, Christopher Dowling, Michael Hibberd, Chris McCarthy, Jan Mihell, Michael Moody and David Penn. Outside the Museum, Dr Ian F. W. Beckett has taken a close interest in the project from the beginning and has done much to smooth the path towards publication. I am no less indebted to Dr M. J. Allison, Professor Brian Bond, Stephen Brooks, Malcolm Brown, Dr Patrick Callan, Dr Peter N. Farrar, Dr David French, Michael Houlihan, Clive Hughes, Dr Keith Jeffery, David L. Jones, John Keegan, Peter Liddle, Dr Patricia M. Morris, Gary Sheffield, Keith Simpson, Dr Edward M. Spiers and Dr J. M. Winter. All have given generously of their time and expertise. I am, of course, solely responsible for any errors of fact or interpretation that remain.

I am most grateful to the following for granting me access to manuscript collections of which they are the owners or custodians and, where requested, for permission to quote from documents whose copyright they control: Lord Bonham Carter; the Earl of Derby; the Viscount Esher; the Earl Haig; Mr M. A. F. Rawlinson; the Earl of Selborne; Mrs Joan Simon; the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum; the Trustees of the Beaverbrook Foundation; the Trustees of the British Library Board; the Master, Fellows and Scholars of Churchill College, Cambridge; the Trustees of the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives, Kings College, London; the Clerk of the Records and the House of Lords Record Office; the Trustees of the National Library of Scotland; the Trustees of the National Library of Wales; the National Library of Ireland; the Public Record Office; the Chelmsford and Essex Museum; the National Army Museum; the University of Birmingham Library; the Bodleian Library; the University of Newcastle upon Tyne Library; Nuffield College, Oxford; Bristol Central Library and Record Office; the Essex Record Office; Leeds City Library; Liverpool City Libraries; Manchester Central Library; Westminster City Libraries; and the Labour Party Archives, Transport House. Extracts from Crown copyright material held in the Public Record Office and elsewhere are reproduced by permission of the Controller of Her Majestys Stationery Office.

For permission to quote directly from documents deposited in the Imperial War Museum I must thank Miss Joan Ashley; Lieutenant-Colonel C. C. Aston; Mr A. M. Bickerton; Miss Daphne Bird; Mr D. M. A. Cain; Mr Charles Cameron; Colonel John Christie-Miller; Mr O. D. H. Clauson; Mr W. N. Collins; Mr Julian Colyer; Mr E. A. Crane; Mr A. W. Day; the Reverend Christopher Drummond; Mrs R. A. Du Cane; Mr J. N. Dykes; Miss Mary Fraser; Mrs Barbara Gamble; Mrs Fay Gjester; Mrs Edith Gordon; Mr David M. Griffiths, Mrs A. L. Hemming; Mr Brian Hunt; Mr Paul Jones; Mr Peter Kirkpatrick; Dr W. B. D. Maile; Mrs J. M. Ockleshaw; the Reverend Raymond Patston; Mrs R. J. Pearson; Mrs L. G. Perkins; Mr A. E. Perriman; Sir Richard Pilditch, Bt.; Captain R. C. Read; Miss Enid M. Roberts; Mrs Phyllis Robinson; Mrs E. Scullin; Mrs J. E. Sharp; Mrs C. Sheard; Mrs J. J. H. Swallow; Mr Leslie F. Taylor; Mr C. F. J. Thompson; Mrs S. M. Vischer; Mrs Margaret Williams; and Mr A. I. Winstanley.

My thanks are also due to the following individuals, publishers and literary agents for allowing me to quote from books whose copyright they hold: Basil Blackwell Ltd for Letters of Arthur George Heath (1917); Lady Bliss for As I Remember by Sir Arthur Bliss (Faber, 1970); Buchan and Enright Ltd for A Passionate Prodigality by Guy Chapman (Buchan and Enright, 1985; originally published by Ivor Nicholson and Watson, 1933); Constable and Co. Ltd for At Suvla Bay by John Hargrave (1916) and Experiences of a Dug-out by Major-General Sir C. E. Callwell (1920); Eyre and Spottiswoode Ltd for In London during the Great War by Michael MacDonagh (1935) and Make me a Soldier by Arthur Behrend (1961); Grafton Books Ltd for Disenchantment by C. E. Montague (Chatto and Windus, 1922); the Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd for The World Crisis, 19111914 by Winston S. Churchill (Thornton Butterworth, 1923); Harrap Ltd for The Life of John Redmond by Denis Gwynn (1932); David Higham Associates Ltd. for My Political Life by L. S. Amery (Hutchinson, 195355), The Supreme Command, 19141918 by Lord Hankey (Allen and Unwin, 1961) and Lloyd George: A Diary by Frances Stevenson, edited by A. J. P. Taylor (Hutchinson, 1963); Hodder and Stoughton Ltd for An Autobiography by R. B. Haldane (1929); C. S. Kendall and the Lancashire Evening Post for H. Cartmells For Remembrance (Toulmin, 1919); William Kimber and Co. Ltd (Thorsons Publishing Group) for Schoolboy into War by H. E. L. Mellersh (1978), Johnny Get Your Gun by John F. Tucker (1978) and The Anger of the Guns by John Nettleton (1979); Macmillan Publishers Ltd. for Life of Lord Kitchener by Sir George Arthur (1920); Methuen and Co. Ltd for Great Britain and the War of 19141918 by Sir Llewellyn Woodward (1967); John Murray Ltd for The Weary Road by Charles Douie (1929) and Inside Asquiths Cabinet, edited by Edward David (1977); the National Library of Wales and David Higham Associates Ltd for