Opening with the 1960s, Sheila Whiteley examines the counter culture's reactionary attitudes to women through the lyrics of the Beatles and the Rolling Stones. She explores the ways in which artists like Janis Joplin and Joni Mitchell confronted issues of sexuality and freedom, redefining women's participation in the industry, and assesses the personal cost of their achievements. She considers how stars such as Annie Lennox, Madonna and k.d. lang have explored issues of gender stereotyping and sexuality, through pop videos like Sweet Dreams (Are Made of This) and Justify My Love, and looks at the enduring importance of the singer-songwriter through artists such as Tracy Chapman. She then assesses the contribution of figures like Tori Amos, PJ. Harvey and Courtney Love, and asks whether the Spice Girls are just a cartoon feminist pop group, or positive role models for teenage girls.
WOMEN AND
POPULAR MUSIC
Sexuality, identity and subjectivity
Sheila Whiteley
First published 2000
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
Transferred to Digital Printing 2006
2000 Sheila Whiteley
Typeset in Garamond by Taylor & Francis Books Ltd
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or
other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Whiteley, Sheila, 1941
Women and popular music: sexuality, identity and subjectivity /
Sheila Whiteley.
p.cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Women musicians. 2. Popular musicSocial aspects. 3. Feminism and music
I. Title.
ML82.W48 2000
781.64'082dc21
99058596
ISBN 0415211891 (hbk)
ISBN 0415211905 (pbk)
This book is lovingly dedicated to my grandchildren
present ALEX, LUISA and BELLA and forthcoming
in the hope that they will enjoy and contribute towards a
future which acknowledges and celebrates diversity and
difference;
To my daughters LUCINDA, BRYONY and ANNI who
grow more beautiful every year and whose creativity and
sparkle so enrich my life;
To my parents MAURICE and RUTH for their enduring
love and guidance;
To my cat MILLI for sitting beside me and purring.
CONTENTS
I should like to thank Laura Joplin for her thoughtful response to my manuscript on her sister Janis; Dr Edison Amos for permission to quote lyrics and music by Tori; Tom Verlaine for his e-mail on Patti Smith; Ed Evans, Derek Scott, Nicola King, Andy Callen and Salford University popular music students past and present for their helpful ideas and suggestions; Stan Hawkins, John Richardson, Jon Epstein, Thomas Swiss, Mary Routh and Sharon Lowenna for their friendship and intellectual support; Jamie White for sorting out problems; Graham Ratcliffe for being there at the right time; the editorial team at Routledge in particular Rebecca Barden for her insight and thoughtful reading of my manuscript, Alistair Daniel, Shankari Sanmuganathan, Sarah Hall and Belinda Latchford for their support and commitment; Routledge readers for their constructive critique on my original book proposal; and Lisa Martin for a perceptive and memorable cover design.
I should also like to thank Terry Whittaker (Carlin Music), Ross Pelling (MCA Music Publishing), Jane Pickford (IMP), Michelle Hills (Music Sales Ltd) and Peter McLaurin (BMG) for their hard work in obtaining copyright and the following for permission to reproduce copyright material in the book:
One Night Stand, words and music by Neil Sedaka and Phil Cody 1977 Neil Sedaka Music and Kirshner Songs Inc., USA and Warner/Chappell Music Ltd, London, W6 8BS. Reproduced by permission of IMP Ltd.
Kozmic Blues, words and music by Janis Joplin and Gabrielle Mekler 19 Strong Arm Music and Wingate Music (administered by MCA Inc.).
Lyric reproduction on behalf of Strong Arm Music by kind permission of Carlin Music Corp., Iron Bridge House, 3 Bridge Approach, London NW1 8BD.
Mercedez Benz, words and music by Janis Joplin 1970 Strong Arm Music.
Lyric reproduction on behalf of Strong Arm Music by kind permission of Carlin.
Gloria, words and music by Van Morrison 1964 Carlin Music Corp. Lyric reproduction by kind permission of Carlin Music Corp., Iron Bridge House, 3 Bridge Approach, London NW1 8BD for the UK, USA and Canada.
Lyrics from Ball and Chain, (Thornton) used by kind permission of Crysteval Music/MCA Ltd. 1968.
Lyrics from Kozmic Blues (Mekler/Joplin) used by kind permission of American Broadcasting Music Inc/MCA Ltd/Carlin Music, 1969.
Big Big Love used by kind permission of Acuff-Rose and Music Sales Ltd.
Carcass, words by Sioux/Severin 1979 Dreamhouse Music and Sparta Florida Music Group 75% Warner/Chappell Music Ltd, London W6 8BS. Reproduced by kind permission of IMP Ltd.
Metal Postcard, words by Sioux 1978 Dreamhouse Music, Warner/Chappell Music Ltd, London W6 8BS. Reproduced by permission of IMP Ltd.
Nicotine Stain, words by Sioux 1978 Dreamhouse Music, Warner/Chappell Music Ltd, London W6 8BS. Reproduced by permission of IMP Ltd.
Suburban Relapse, words by Sioux 1978 Dreamhouse Music, Warner/Chappell Music Ltd, London W6 8BS. Reproduced by permission of IMP Ltd.
Sweet Dreams and Who's That Girl, words and music by Annie Lennox and Dave Stewart BMG Music Publishing Ltd/DNA Ltd. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
Express Yourself & Justify My Love (Cicone/Kravitz/Chavez) used by kind permission of IMP and Warner/Chappell.
Me and a Gun, China, Crucify, Little Earthquakes, Icicle (Under the Pink) Professional Widow, Hey Jupiter (Boys for Pele) by kind permission of Sword and Stone Publishing.
While every effort has been made to contact owners of copyright material, we have not always been successful. In the event of a copyright query, please contact the publishers.
It is now nearly thirty years since Joni Mitchell released her album Blue(1972). It describes one or two years in her life what she learned, what she experienced. She is the theme and is placed at the centre of her story. The first track All I Want shows her to be on the road, typically the male domain of rock, evocative of Jack Kerouac and the