Epilogue
Over the course of these chapters, I have tried my best to locate, explain, and elaborate narratives that may illuminate the landscape of digital work. If you have come this far, you will understand that this book refuses to accept a future of work that is characterized by deregulation and a lack of enforcement of legally guaranteed labor standards. I chose the title for this book carefully with a view toward an emerging movement of workers that is starting to take back the digital economy. In 2014, at the Digital Labor conference at The New School in New York City, Amazon Mechanical Turk workers started a discussion about worker-owned and -governed online labor platforms. In the same period, I noticed the launch of cooperative platforms in Germany and the United States. It was in this context that I framed the idea of platform cooperativism.
A year later, more than a thousand people attended the Platform Cooperativism: The Internet, Ownership, Democracy event. The platform cooperativism primer has since been translated into German, Italian, Dutch, Chinese, Spanish, and Portuguese. In 2016, together with Nathan Schneider, I edited a handbook on platform cooperativism in collaboration with OR Books, and now platform cooperativism events are in the works from Vancouver, Berlin, London, Bremen, Paris, Bangkok, Barcelona, New York, Austin, Boulder, Oakland, the San Francisco Bay Area to Adelaide. A foundation to support the ecosystem of online cooperatives is also under way.
Platform co-ops don't want to copy the likes of Uber; the companies that came before us. Instead, they embrace a vision for decent digital work, democratic governance, creativity, and worker ownership. Silicon Valley loves a good disruption. Let's give them one.
Index
- ACTUP see Coalition to Unleash Power
- Adorno, Theodor
- advertising
- Africa
- Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)
- Ahluwalia, Ashim
- Ahn, Luis von
- Airbnb
- Akerlof, George
- Al Khatib, Ali
- Alaska
- algorithms
- AMT
- blockchain technology
- content farming
- data collection
- platform capitalism
- Twitter
- alienation
- Allbnb
- Alperovitz, Gar
- Amazon
- classification of workers
- crowdsourcing
- data coupling
- disengagement from
- Flex
- headquarters
- HomeServices
- labor practices
- power outages
- profit skimming by
- protest against
- regulation
- reviewers
- robots
- sharing economy
- strikes
- technological obsolescence
- template of work
- value extraction
- Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT)
- Bill of Rights proposal
- children
- data labor
- ethnographic research
- exploitation
- lack of choice
- platform capitalism
- power asymmetry
- quality of work
- regulation
- sharing economy
- template of work
- Turkopticon
- unfair practices
- wages
- worker-run forums
- working conditions
- American Express
- American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
- AMT see Amazon Mechanical Turk
- Anderson, Chris
- Andreessen, Marc
- Andrejevic, Mark
- Android
- Anonymous
- Antes, Ayhan
- AOL
- Appirio
- Apple
- App Store
- cloud computing
- disengagement from
- Foxconn factories
- Health apps
- regulation
- appreciation
- apps
- arbitrary behavior
- Arendt, Hannah
- Arikan, Burak
- Aronowitz, Stanley
- ARPANET
- Arroyo, Maria del Carmen
- Arvidsson, Adam
- Associated Content
- AT&T
- audiences
- Australia
- authenticity
- avatars
- Backfeed
- Baidu
- Baker, David
- Ballinger, Lauren
- Baran, Paul
- Barbrook, Richard
- Barlow, John Perry
- Bauwens, Michel
- Baym, Nancy
- Bell, Daniel
- Benkler, Yochai
- Berardi, Franco Bifo,
- Berners-Lee, Tim
- Bernstein, Michael
- Beyond Care
- Bezos, Jeff
- Biewald, Lukas
- big data
- Bill of Rights for the Internet
- Bitcoin
- Black, Bob
- black Americans
- Blagg, Alex
- Bloch, Ernst
- blockchain technology
- blogging
- blood supply systems
- BlueServo
- Bogost, Ian
- Bollier, David
- Boutang, Yann Moulier
- boycotts
- boyd, danah
- brands
- Brazil
- brokerages
- Browne, Elaine
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew
- Buck-Morss, Susan
- Budd, John D.
- Busque, Leah
- Buzzfeed
- California App-Based Drivers Association (CADA)
- call centers
- Canada
- capitalism
- alternatives to
- cognitive phase of
- cooperatives and
- corrosive effects of
- data labor
- defection from
- exploitation
- extractive
- ineffectiveness of
- invisible labor
- labor standards
- postindustrial society
- sharing economy
- surveillance
- techno-utopianism
- vectoral class
- CAPTCHAs
- Carr, Nicholas
- CarrotWorkers Collective
- Castells, Manuel
- Castronova, Edward
- casual work
- see also contingent work; temporary work
- Center for Family Life (CFL)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
- centralization
- Chaplin, Heather
- Chase, Robin
- Chavez, Hugo
- Cherry, Miriam
- cherry blossoming,
- children
- China
- blogs
- Foxconn factories
- gamification
- gold farming
- Mop.com
- choice
- Chore Wars
- Chrome books
- citizen initiatives
- city-owned cooperatives
- Civil Rights Act (1964)
- class
- class action suits
- cloud computing
- Coalition to Unleash Power (ACTUP)
- co-determined work
- cognitive capitalism,
- cognitive surplus
- Cohen, Julie
- Coleman, Gabriela
- Colin & Collin tax proposal
- Collaborative Fund
- Columbia University
- Commodore 64 computer
- commons
- Communications Workers of America (CWA)
- competitive crowdsourcing
- CompuServe
- Cond Nast
- conferences
- ConsenSys
- Constanza-Chock, Sasha
- content farming
- content moderation
- contingent work
- see also casual work; freelancers; independent contractors; part-time work; temporary work
- contract law
- cooperatives
- cooperative ecosystem
- rise of
- ten principles for
- typology of
- see also platform cooperativism
- Coopify
- copyright
- Corrigan, Thomas F.
- costs
- Cowen, Tyler
- Cowie, Jefferson
- Coworker.org
- Crabgrass
- Crabtree, Andrew
- Craigslist
- Crary, Jonathan
- Creative Commons (CC) licenses
- creativity
- CrimethInc Ex-Workers Collective
- crisis mapping
- Critical Art Ensemble
- Crouse, Jeff
- crowd fleecing
- extractive platform capitalism
- massification of the Internet
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