THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF
INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY
The Centre for International Governance Innovation is an independent, non-partisan think tank on international governance; for more information, visit www.cigionline.org.
The Centre for Policy Research (CPR) has been one of Indias leading public policy think tanks since 1973. The Centre is a nonprofit, independent institution dedicated to conducting research that contributes to a more robust public discourse about the structures and processes that shape life in India.
Knowledge, innovation, and solutions to improve the lives of people in the developing world.
Observer Research Foundation, headquartered in Delhi, is a not-for-profit, multidisciplinary think tank that has actively contributed to public policy debates in India since its founding in 1990.
THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF
INDIAN FOREIGN POLICY
Edited by
DAVID M. MALONE, C. RAJA MOHAN,
and
SRINATH RAGHAVAN
Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom
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Oxford University Press 2015
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First Edition published in 2015
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
THE Editors would like to thank Dominic Byatt, Commissioning Editor for Humanities and Social Sciences at Oxford University Press whose idea this volume was and who has been unfailingly supportive of it and of them. We are also very grateful to his associates Olivia Wells, Sudhakar Sandacoumar, Jo North, and Joy Mellor all of whom managed challenging aspects of production superbly.
This project would never have been possible without the active encouragement and generous funding of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada and the Centre on Global Governance Innovation (CIGI), both with deep links to India. In particular, we would like to thank Bruce Currie Alder and Anindya Chatterjee of IDRC and Rohinton Medhora, the President of CIGI, for taking such a strong interest in the project.
We are very grateful to the Centre for Policy Research (CPR) in New Delhi, its President, Pratap Bhanu Mehta, and its Board, for agreeing to host this project, no small undertaking. The Observer Research Foundation (ORF), also of New Delhi, was also consistently supportive. Within CPR, Dr Pallavi Raghavan (also an author in the volume) with great dedication took on the task of project coordination. She was ably assisted at various times by Sandeep Bhardwaj (CPR), Swetha Murali (CPR), Kalathmika Natarajan (CPR), Saawani Raje (CPR), Rishika Chauhan (ORF), and Ritika Passi (ORF).
We thank the ORF for hosting a very pleasant and productive interaction over dinner between the authors who attended the project workshop in January 2014 and the leading lights of the foreign policy community in the capital. We are especially grateful to the then National Security Adviser, Shivshankar Menon, who joined the dinner conversation on Indias foreign policy with remarks and an extended response to a wide range of questions and comments.
David Malone is very grateful to the Council of the United Nations University (UNU) and, in particular, to its Chairman, Dr Mohamed Hassan, for encouraging and supporting him to pursue independent research and writing during his tenure at UNU. He is also much indebted to Alexandra Ivanovic, Nancy Roberts, Lee Schrader, and Anthony Yazaki for their assistance with proofs and copy edits of the volume under considerable time pressures.
Above all, we are grateful to our generally very busy authors who humoured us through several drafts of their excellent contributions.
D.M.M., C.R.M., S.R.
January 2015
CONTENTS
DAVID M. MALONE, C. RAJA MOHAN, AND SRINATH RAGHAVAN
KANTI BAJPAI
SIDDHARTH MALLAVARAPU
SNEH MAHAJAN
RAHUL SAGAR
PALLAVI RAGHAVAN
ANDREW B. KENNEDY
SURJIT MANSINGH
SRINATH RAGHAVAN
C. RAJA MOHAN
SUMIT GANGULY
LIGIA NORONHA
ROHAN MUKHERJEE
RANI D. MULLEN
PAUL STANILAND AND VIPIN NARANG
RUDRA CHAUDHURI
TANVI MADAN
RAJIV KUMAR
MANOJ JOSHI
AMITABH MATTOO AND RORY MEDCALF
LATHA VARADARAJAN
DEVESH KAPUR
JAIDEEP A. PRABHU
SANJAYA BARU
STEPHEN P. COHEN
ALKA ACHARYA
RAJESH BASRUR
SREERADHA DATTA AND KRISHNAN SRINIVASAN
S. D. MUNI
V. SURYANARAYAN
EMILIAN KAVALSKI
TALMIZ AHMAD
AMITAV ACHARYA
DAVID SCOTT
ASHLEY J. TELLIS
CHRISTIAN WAGNER
RAJAN MENON
VARUN SAHNI
P. R. KUMARASWAMY
KUDRAT VIRK
CONSTANTINO XAVIER
POORVI CHITALKAR AND DAVID M. MALONE
MANU BHAGAVAN
JASON A. KIRK
SAMIR SARAN
PRADEEP S. MEHTA AND BIPUL CHATTERJEE
RAJESH RAJAGOPALAN
NAVROZ K. DUBASH AND LAVANYA RAJAMANI
SUNIL KHILNANI
E. SRIDHARAN
Alka Acharya is Professor of Chinese Studies at the Centre for East Asian Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. Since 2012, she has taken charge as Director, Institute of Chinese Studies, Delhi, for a five-year period.
Amitav Acharya is Professor of International Relations and the UNESCO Chair in Transnational Challenges and Governance at the School of International Service, American University, Washington, DC.