William J. Breen - Labor Market Politics and the Great War: The Department of Labor, the States, and the First U.S. Employment Service, 1907-1933
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Labor Market Politics and the Great War: The Department of Labor, the States, and the First U.S. Employment Service, 1907-1933
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The Department of Labor seized the opportunity provided by the chaotic labor market conditions during World War I to expand the US Employment Service (USES) and to establish control of the national labor market. That attempt provoked a reaction on the part of states that had created their own employment services and were suspicious of the administrative capacity of the USDES. A prolonged administrative and political struggle ensued, involving not only the Department of Labor and the states but a number of government departments and agencies and the major interest groups involved in the labor market.William J. Breens Labor Market Politics and the Great War is the first detailed study of the way in which federalism influenced the development of government labor market policy in the early twentieth century. For those interested in the continuing debate over the unique development of the American state, it suggests one reason why that development diverged from the European model. It also suggests the crucial role of Washington bureaucrats in promoting a powerful centralized state.
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Labor Market Politics and the Great War : The Department of Labor, the States, and the First U.S. Employment Service, 1907-1933
author
:
Breen, W. J.
publisher
:
Kent State University Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0873385594
print isbn13
:
9780873385596
ebook isbn13
:
9780585262338
language
:
English
subject
Labor policy--United States--History--20th century, Labor policy--United States--States--History--20th century, World War, 1914-1918--United States, Reconstruction (1914-1939)--United States, United States.--Dept. of Labor--History, United States Employme
publication date
:
1997
lcc
:
HD8072.B726 1997eb
ddc
:
331.12/042/097309041
subject
:
Labor policy--United States--History--20th century, Labor policy--United States--States--History--20th century, World War, 1914-1918--United States, Reconstruction (1914-1939)--United States, United States.--Dept. of Labor--History, United States Employme
Page iii
Labor Market Politics and the Great War
The Department of Labor, the States, and the First U.S. Employment Service, 19071933
William J. Breen
THE KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS Kent, Ohio, and London, England
Page iv
1997 by The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio 44242 All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 96-36067 ISBN 0-87338-559-4 Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in Publication Data
Breen, W. J. (William J.) Larbor market politics and the Great War : the Department of Labor, the states, and the first U.S. Employment Service, 19071933 / William J. Breen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87338-559-4 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Labor policyUnited StatesUnited StatesHistory20th century. 2. Labor policyUnited StatesStatesHistory20th century. 3. World War, 19141918 United States. 4. Reconstruction (19141939)United States 5. United States. Dept. of LaborHistory. 6. United States Employment ServiceHistory. I. Title. HD 8072.B726 1997 331.12'042'097309041dc20 96-36067 CIP
British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data are available.
Page v
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
ix
Introduction
xi
The Prewar Labor Market
1
1. State Initiatives and National Ambitions: Origins of the U.S. Employment Service
3
1917: Labor Market Politics in Wartime
19
2. Federalist Aspirations in the States
21
3. Nationalist Initiatives in the Department of Labor
35
4. The Seattle Labor Market Experiment
51
1918: Victory and Defeat
65
5. The Role of the War Labor Policies Board
67
6. A Federalist U.S. Employment Service
89
The U.S. Employment Service at War
105
7. The Industrial Northeast: Connecticut
107
8. The Midwest and South
121
Armistice and Aftermath
131
9. Reconstruction and Political Misjudgment, 19181919
133
10. Postwar Reckoning
148
Page vi
Epilogue: Keeping the Federalist Faith, 19201933
161
Notes
167
Essay on Sources
215
Index
231
Page vii
In memory of BERNADETTE CATHERINE FITZGERALD born Bridgeport, Connecticut, August 9, 1916 died New Milford, Connecticut, February 5, 1990
Page ix
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
At the end of the protracted labor associated with the writing of this book, it seems appropriate to look back and thank the many individuals who have assisted me along the way.
All historians are dependent on archivists and librarians. This project relied heavily on the essential preparatory work done by archivists, particularly those located at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., and at a number of state archives. They were extremely prompt in responding to my inquiries from Australia and helpful in providing me with access to the appropriate records on my various research trips. I gratefully acknowledge that assistance. Without their patient labors, historical scholarship would wither.
The librarians in the Borchardt Library at La Trobe University, particularly those associated with the Inter-Library Loan Service, deserve special mention. Their ability to locate obscure references and to get them to La Trobe via the Inter-Library Loan Service system was of wonderful assistance to me throughout the research.
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