Armando C. Alonzo - Tejano Legacy: Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 1734-1900
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Tejano Legacy: Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 1734-1900
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This is a pathbreaking study of Tejano ranchers and settlers in the Lower R???o Grande Valley from their colonial roots to 1900. The first book to delineate and assess the complexity of Mexican-Anglo interaction in south Texas, it also shows how Tejanos continued to play a leading role in the commercialization of ranching after 1848 and how they maintained a sense of community. Despite shifts in jurisdiction, the tradition of Tejano land holding acted as a stabilizing element and formed an important part of Tejano history and identity. The earliest settlers arrived in the 1730s and established numerous ranchos and six towns along the river. Through a careful study of land and tax records, brands and bills of sale of livestock, wills, population and agricultural censuses, and oral histories, Alonzo shows how Tejanos adapted to change and maintained control of their ranchos through the 1880s, when Anglo encroachment and changing social and economic conditions eroded most of the communitys land base.
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Tejano Legacy : Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 1734-1900
author
:
Alonzo, Armando C.
publisher
:
University of New Mexico
isbn10 | asin
:
0826318975
print isbn13
:
9780826318978
ebook isbn13
:
9780585354156
language
:
English
subject
Lower Rio Grande Valley (Texas)--History, Frontier and pioneer life--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley, Ranchers--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley--History, Mexicans--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley--History, Land tenure--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley--History
publication date
:
1998
lcc
:
F392.R5A46 1998eb
ddc
:
976.4/4
subject
:
Lower Rio Grande Valley (Texas)--History, Frontier and pioneer life--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley, Ranchers--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley--History, Mexicans--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley--History, Land tenure--Texas--Lower Rio Grande Valley--History
Page iii
Tejano Legacy
Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 17341900
Armando C. Alonzo
Page iv
To my loving and supportive wife, Angelita
1998 by the University of New Mexico Press All rights reserved. 2nd paperbound printing, 1998
Map 1 provided courtesy of Alfonso Ramrez of Edinburg, Texas.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Alonzo, Armando C. Tejano legacy: rancheros and settlers in south Texas, 17341900 / Armando Alonzo.1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN o-8263-1866-5 (cloth). ISBN o-8263-1897-5 (paper) 1. Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.)History. 2. Frontier and pioneer lifeTexasLower Rio Grande Valley. 3. RanchersTexasLower Rio Grande ValleyHistory. 4. MexicansTexasLower Rio Grande ValleyHistory. 5. Land tenureTexasLower Rio Grande ValleyHistory. 6. Lower Rio Grande Valley (Tex.)Ethnic relations. I. Title. F392.R5A46 1998 976.4'4dc21 97-34454 CIP
Page v
Contents
Maps
vii
Tables
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction
1
1. Spaniards, Indians, and the Inhospitable Seno Mexicano
15
2. Hacia la Frontera The Origins of Spanish and Mexican Society in Present-Day South Texas, 1730s1848
25
3. Early Economic Life in the Lower Ro Grande Frontier, 1730s1848
67
4. The Making of a Tejano Homeland in South Texas, 18481900 Population Growth, Adaptation, and Conflict
95
5. Losing Ground Anglo Challenges to Mexican Landholders and Land Grant Adjudication in South Texas, 18461900
145
6. A Case Study of Tejano Land Tenure in Hidalgo County, Texas, 18481900
161
7. Recovery and Expansion of Tejano Ranching in South Texas, 18451885 The Good Years
183
8. The Decline of Tejano Ranching Its Social and Economic Bases, 18851900
227
9. Tejano Rancheros and Hispanic Landholding in the Southwest, 18481900
259
Epilogue
271
Appendix 1. Definition of Terms
285
Page vi
Appendix 2. A Note on Sources
287
Appendix 3. Livestock Transactions Recorded in Hidalgo County, 18741899
291
Appendix 4. Livestock Transactions in Webb County, Texas, 18761890
297
Notes
301
Index
347
Page vii
Maps
Map 1
2
Map 2
4
Map 3
56
Map 4
108
Page ix
Tables
Table 2.1. Population of the Ro Grande Villas in Selected Years
41
Table 2.2. Intermediate and Large Land Grants Issued under Spain and Mexico in Hidalgo County, Texas
62
Table 4.1. Population of Counties in South Texas, by Decade, 18601900
97
Table 4.2. Percentage of Working Population in Each Occupation, Hidalgo County, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900
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