James C. Mulvenon - Soldiers of fortune: the rise and fall of the Chinese military-business complex, 1978-1998

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Studies on Contemporary China

THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CHINA'S SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES
George T. Crane
WORLDS APART
RECENT CHINESE WRITING AND ITS AUDIENCES
Howard Goldblatt, editor
CHINESE URBAN REFORM
WHAT MODEL NOW?
R. Yin-Wang Kwok, William L. Parish and Anthony Gar-on Yeh with Xu Xuequang, editors
REBELLION AND FACTIONALISM IN A CHINESE PROVINCE
ZHEJIANG, 19661976
Keith Foster
POLITICS AT MAO'S COURT
GAO GANG AND PARTY FACTIONALISM IN THE EARLY 1950s
Frederick C. Teiwes
MOLDING THE MEDIUM
THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE LIBERATION DAILY
Patricia Stranahan
THE MAKING OF A SINO-MARXIST WORLD VIEW
PERCEPTIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS OF WORLD HISTORY IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Dorothea A.L. Martin
POLITICS OF DISILLUSIONMENT
THE CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY UNDER DENG XIAOPING, 19781989
Hsi-sheng Ch'i
CONQUERING RESOURCES
THE GROWTH AND DECLINE OF THE PLA'S SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMMISSION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE
Bejamin C. Ostrov
THE PARADOX OF POWER IN A PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA MIDDLE SCHOOL
Martin Schoenhals
CHINA'S ECONOMIC DILEMMAS IN THE 1990S
THE PROBLEMS OF REFORMS, MODERNIZATION, AND INDEPENDENCE
Edited by the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States
CHINA IN THE ERA OF DENG XIAOPING
A DECADE OF REFORM
Michael Ying-mao Kau and Susan H. Marsh, editors
DOMESTIC LAW REFORMS IN POST-MAO CHINA
Pitman B. Potter, editor
POLITICS AND PURGES IN CHINA
RECTIFICATION AND THE DECLINE OF PARTY NORMS, 19501965
Frederick C. Teiwes
MORNING SUN
INTERVIEWS WITH POST-MAO CHINESE WRITERS
Laifong Leung
CHINESE FIRMS AND THE STATE IN TRANSITION
PROPERTY RIGHTS AND AGENCY PROBLEMS IN THE REFORM ERA
Keun Lee
THE MARKET MECHANISM AND ECONOMIC REFORMS IN CHINA
William A. Byrd
CHINA, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE SOVIET UNION
TRIPOLARITY AND POLICY-MAKING IN THE COLD WAR
Robert S. Ross, editor
AMERICAN STUDIES OF CONTEMPORARY CHINA
David Shambaugh, editor
CHINA'S AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY
POLICIES, PROBLEMS, AND PROSPECTS
Eric Harwit
DECISION-MAKING IN DENG'S CHINA
PERSPECTIVES FROM INSIDERS
Carol Lee Hamrin and Suisheng Zhao, editors
PRIVATE BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC REFORM IN CHINA
Susan Young
MAKING URBAN REVOLUTION IN CHINA
THE CCP-GMD STRUGGLE FOR BEIPINGTIANJIN, 19451949
Joseph K. S. Yick
CHINA'S ECONOMIC FUTURE
CHALLENGES TO U.S. POLICY
Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CORRUPTION IN CHINA
Julia Kwong
FAREWELL TO PEASANT CHINA
RURAL URBANIZATION AND SOCIAL CHANGES IN THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Gregory Eliyu Guldin, editor
PROVINCIAL STRATEGIES FOR ECONOMIC REFORM IN POST-MAO CHINA
Peter T. Y. Cheung, Jae Ho Chung, and Zhimin Lin, editors
THE ARTISANS AND ENTREPRENEURS OF DONGYANG COUNTY
ECONOMIC REFORM AND FLEXIBLE PRODUCTION IN CHINA
Eugene Cooper with Jiang Yinhuo
AFTER THE COLD WAR
DOMESTIC FACTORS AND U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS
Robert S. Ross, editor
IS CHINA UNSTABLE?
David Shambaugh, editor
CHINA'S MILITARY FACES THE FUTURE
James R. Lilley and David Shambaugh, editors
SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE
THE RISE AND FALL OF THE CHINESE MILITARY-BUSINESS COMPLEX, 19781998
James Mulvenon

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Studies on Contemporary China

SOLDIERS OF FORTUNE

The Rise and Fall of the Chinese
Military-Business Complex, 1978-1998

J AMES M ULVENON

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Copyright 2001 by M. E. Sharpe, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the publisher, M. E. Sharpe, Inc.,
80 Business Park Drive, Armonk, New York 10504.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Mulvenon, James C., 1970
Soldiers of fortune : the rise and fall of the Chinese military-business complex,
19781998 / James C. Mulvenon.
p. cm.(Studies on contemporary China)
"An East gate book."
Originally presented as the author's dissertation (PhD) in 1998 at UCLA.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-7656-0579-1 (alk. paper)
1. Military-owned business enterprisesChina. Chung-kuo jen min chieh
fang chn. I. Title. II. Series.
HD2910.M85 2000
338.4'7623'0951dc21 00-059493

Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of
American National Standard for Information Sciences
Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z 39.48-1984.

BM (c) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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