Andrew Crosby - Policing Indigenous Movements

POLICING INDIGENOUS MOVEMENTS

POLICING INDIGENOUS MOVEMENTS

DISSENT AND THE SECURITY STATE

ANDREW CROSBY

AND JEFFREY MONAGHAN

FERNWOOD PUBLISHING

HALIFAX & WINNIPEG

Copyright 2018 Andrew Crosby and Jeffrey Monaghan

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer, who may quote brief passages in a review.

Editing: Fazeela Jiwa

Cover design: Tania Craan

eBook: tikaebooks.com

Printed and bound in Canada

Published by Fernwood Publishing

32 Oceanvista Lane, Black Point, Nova Scotia, B0J 1B0

and 748 Broadway Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3G 0X3

www.fernwoodpublishing.ca

Fernwood Publishing Company Limited gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Government of Canada, the Manitoba Department of Culture, Heritage and Tourism under the Manitoba Publishers Marketing Assistance Program and the Province of Manitoba, through the Book Publishing Tax Credit, for our publishing program. We are pleased to work in partnership with the Province of Nova Scotia to develop and promote our creative industries for the benefit of all Nova Scotians. We acknowledge the support of the Canada Council for the Arts, which last year invested $153 million to bring the arts to Canadians throughout the country.

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Crosby, Andrew, author

Policing indigenous movements : dissent and the security state / Andrew

Crosby and Jeffrey Monaghan.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Issued in print and electronic formats.

ISBN 978-1-77363-012-0 (softcover).ISBN 978-1-77363-045-8 (EPUB).

ISBN 978-1-77363-046-5 (Kindle)

1. Social movementsCanadaCase studies. 2. Native peoplesCanada

Politics and governmentCase studies. 3. PoliceCanadaCase studies.

I. Monaghan, Jeffrey, 1980-, author II. Title.

HN110.S62C76 2018 303.4840971 C2017-907869-0

CONTENTS

ACRONYMS

ABL Algonquins of Barriere Lake

ADM NSOPS Assistant Deputy Ministers National Security Operations Committee

ADM Assistant Deputy Minister

AFN Assembly of First Nations

AFNCNB Assembly of First Nations Chiefs in New Brunswick

AIG Aboriginal Intelligence Group

AIM American Indian Movement

ALEA Assistance to Law Enforcement Agencies

APTN Aboriginal Peoples Television Network

ATA Anti-terrorism Act

ATIA Access to Information Act

BCCLA British Columbia Civil Liberties Association

CAF Canadian Armed Forces

CAPP Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers

CBSA Canadian Border Services Agency

CSC Correctional Services Canada

CSEC Communications Security Establishment Canada

CFNCIU Canadian Forces National Counter-Intelligence Unit

CI Critical Infrastructure

CICI Critical Infrastructure Criminal Intelligence

CIIT Critical Infrastructure Intelligence Team

CJOC Canadian Joint Operations Command

CN Canadian National Railroad

CSIS Canadian Security Intelligence Service

CTIO Counter Terrorism Information Officer

DFO Department of Fisheries and Oceans

DND Department of National Defence

EFI Energy Framework Initiative

FOI Freedom of Information

FN First Nations

FNCFCS First Nations Child and Family Caring Society of Canada

FNSB First Nations Strategic Bulletin

FNFTA First Nations Financial Transparency Act

GC Government of Canada

GOC Government Operations Centre

INAC Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (formerly Indian Affairs)

INSET Integrated National Security Enforcement Team

INM Idle No More

ISL Industrial Security Ltd.

ITAC Integrated Terrorism Assessment Centre

JIG Joint Intelligence Group

JRP Joint Review Panel

NEB National Energy Board

NDA National Day of Action

NICC National Intelligence Coordination Centre

NRC an Natural Resources Canada

NSES National Security Enforcement Section

NWMP North West Mounted Police

OPP Ontario Provincial Police

OSINT Open-source Intelligence

RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police

OPIRG Ontario Public Interest Research Group

PCO Privy Council Office

PMO Prime Ministers Office

PROS Police Reporting and Occurrence System

PSC Public Safety Canada

RCAP Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples

SIR Suspicious Incident Report

SOI Suspect of Interest

SCISA Security of Canada Information Sharing Act

SPROS Secure Police Reporting and Occurrence System

SQ Sret du Qubec

SWN Southwestern Energy Company

UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

VPIRG Vancouver Public Interest Research Group

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Writing this book came at a time of widespread Indigenous resurgence against settler colonialism in Canada. We are deeply indebted to the communities and movements subjected to the pervasive surveillance and violent policing that we detail in this book. Your determination inspires this project and our desire to challenge the injustices of settler colonialism.

We have many individuals to thank for their support and contributions to the work we do. We relied on a lot of previous research for this book, and we would like to thank the many other researchers and activists who have been uncovering and challenging various aspects of settler colonialism and its various tentacles of policing. Our book would not be possible without the tireless and determined work of others. Thank you to all of those that have contributed to these important efforts and those whose work weve used to educate ourselves and further our analysis. In preparing this book, a number of people have assisted both directly and indirectly in the final outcome. In no particular order, wed like to thank Kevin Walby, Ajay Parasram, Shiri Pasternak, Miles Howe, Tia Dafnos, Martin Lukacs, Tim Groves, Tim McSorley, and Jorge Barrera.

This book came about through work with different projects, our respective engagements, and years of talking shit during band practice. We have lots of people who have provided encouragement and support. You, of course, know who you are thank you very much!

Andy: Thank you to all who have remained close, offered advice, and showed support over the years, including Ajay, Fuz, Eddy, Adam, Jen, Guillaume, Birch, and Steve, among many others. I would also like to thank the numerous independent journalists and editors, especially at the Leveller newspaper and the Media Co-op , who have helped shape me as a writer and thinker. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the late and very much missed Mat Nelson. I would also like to acknowledge the tireless efforts of those at OPIRG who have never ceased to inspire and amaze me. I would further like to acknowledge those in the local social justiceoriented punk rock scene. I would also like to thank certain teachers over the years who helped shape my politics and focus into where it lies today Marc Doucet, Labeeb Bsoul, Simon Dalby, William Walters, Abdulghany Mohamed, and Jai Sen, to name a few. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the support of my loving family and the inspiration of my adoring children.

Jeff: Thank you to many of my friends and colleagues at Carleton/UOttawa who have contributed in various ways to this work, including Nic Carrier, Evelyn Maeder, Lara Karaian, Maddy Santos, Dale Spencer, Justin Pich, Dawn Moore, Aaron Doyle, Kelly Fritsch, Valerie Steeves, David Moffette, and Mike Mopas. I would also like to thank David Murakami Wood, Jennifer Matsunaga, Kevin Walby, David Lyon, Adam Molnar, Lucas Melgao, zgn Topak, Emily Van der Meulen, Fahad Ahmad, Abigail Curlew, Etienne Turpin, DT Cochrane, Gordie and Karen, Pete V, Yavar Hameed, and the many others who have provided inspiration and support along the way. Special thanks to my family/ies, especially Ange and the kiddos.