Janette Thomas Greenwood - Bittersweet legacy: the Black and white better classes in Charlotte, 1850-1910
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Bittersweet legacy: the Black and white better classes in Charlotte, 1850-1910
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Bittersweet Legacy is the dramatic story of the relationship between two generations of black and white southerners in Charlotte, North Carolina, from 1850 to 1910. Janette Greenwood describes the interactions between black and white business and professional people--the better classes, as they called themselves. Her book paints a surprisingly complex portrait of race and class relations in the New South and demonstrates the impact of personal relationships, generational shifts, and the interplay of local, state, and national events in shaping the responses of black and white southerners to each other and the world around them.Greenwood argues that concepts of race and class changed significantly in the late nineteenth century. Documenting the rise of interracial social reform movements in the 1880s, she suggests that the better classes briefly created an alternative vision of race relations. The disintegration of the alliance as a result of New South politics and a generational shift in leadership left a bittersweet legacy for Charlotte that would weigh heavily on its citizens well into the twentieth century.
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The Black and White Better Classes in Charlotte 1850 - 1910
JANETTE THOMAS GREENWOOD
The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill and London
title
:
Bittersweet Legacy : The Black and White "Better Classes" in Charlotte, 1850-1910
author
:
Greenwood, Janette Thomas.
publisher
:
University of North Carolina Press
isbn10 | asin
:
0807821330
print isbn13
:
9780807821336
ebook isbn13
:
9780807861783
language
:
English
subject
African Americans--North Carolina--Charlotte--Social conditions, Social classes--North Carolina--Charlotte--History, Charlotte (N.C.)--Social conditions, Charlotte (N.C.)--Race relations.
publication date
:
1994
lcc
:
F264.C4G73 1994eb
ddc
:
975.6/76041/08622
subject
:
African Americans--North Carolina--Charlotte--Social conditions, Social classes--North Carolina--Charlotte--History, Charlotte (N.C.)--Social conditions, Charlotte (N.C.)--Race relations.
Page iv
1994 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greenwood, Janette Thomas. Bittersweet legacy: the black and white "better classes" in Charlotte, 1850-1910 / Janette Thomas Greenwood. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8078-2133-0 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Afro-AmericansNorth CarolinaCharlotteSocial conditions. 2. Social classesNorth Carolina CharlotteHistory. 3. Charlotte (N.C.)Social conditions. 4. Charlotte (N.C.)Race relations. I. Title. F264.C4G73 1994 975.6'76041 'o8622-dc20 93-32060 CIP
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
98 97 96 95 94 5 4 3 2 1
Page v
FOR ELIZABETH AND SUSANNAH
Page vii
CONTENTS
Acknowledgments
xiii
Introduction
1
ONE "A Magic Influence"
8
TWO "The New State of Things"
37
THREE Black and White Together
77
FOUR Industrialization
4
FIVE Fusion Politics
147
SIX White Supremacy
185
SEVEN In the Wake of Disfranchisement And Jim Crow
214
Epilogue
238
Appendix
245
Notes
251
Bibliography
293
Index
303
Page ix
ILLUSTRATIONS
William R. Myers
45
Rufus Barringer
50
Jane Wilkes
67
William C. Smith
82
"Miss Poe"
84
Daniel Augustus Tompkins
120
Southern Cotton Oil Company, 1910
122
Charlotte's black physicians, ca. 1895
135
Black businesspeople, Queen City Drug Store, ca. 1900
136
Biddle University Class of 1894
149
Bishop George Wylie Clinton, ca. 1890
152
Heriot Clarkson, ca. 1920
168
J. W. Smith, 1898
192
Christmas reception at the home of Bishop and Mrs. George Clinton, ca. 1918
241
Page xi
MAPS
1. Charlotte's Rail Connections, ca. 1865
12
2. Mecklenburg Townships, ca. 1870
59
3. Charlotte's Four Wards and Main Streets, ca. 1880
94
Page xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The roots of this project are deep, and I have accrued many debts researching and writing this book. I wish to thank the Charlotte-Mecklenburg Historic Landmarks Commission, which, under the direction of Dr. Dan Morrill, first assigned me the task of researching Charlotte's black history in 1983. That assignment turned out to be the beginning of a long-term relationship with Charlotte's history, and I am deeply indebted to Dr. Morrill and the commission for their interest and support. Thomas Hanchett, my onetime colleague at the Landmarks Commission in Charlotte, also provided unbounded enthusiasm and interest in this project from its earliest days. In addition, he has generously shared his own research and ideas about Charlotte's past with me. Professor William Bluford of Charlotte introduced me to many men and women who shared their memories with me. I am especially indebted to Rosa Smith, the daughter of W. C. Smith, a central character in this story. She generously shared her copies of the
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