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Mark Bray - Counting the full cost: parental and community financing of education in East Asia

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title Counting the Full Cost Parental and Community Financing of - photo 1

title:Counting the Full Cost : Parental and Community Financing of Education in East Asia Directions in Development (Washington, D.C.)
author:Bray, Mark.
publisher:World Bank
isbn10 | asin:0821338277
print isbn13:9780821338278
ebook isbn13:9780585184562
language:English
subjectEducation--Asia--Costs--Statistics, Parents--Asia--Finance, Personal--Statistics, Community and school--Asia, Southeastern--Statistics.
publication date:1996
lcc:LB2829.3.A78B73 1996eb
ddc:338.4/337/095021
subject:Education--Asia--Costs--Statistics, Parents--Asia--Finance, Personal--Statistics, Community and school--Asia, Southeastern--Statistics.
Page i
Counting the Full Cost
Parental and Community Financing of Education in East Asia
DIRECTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Mark Bray
The World Bank
Washington, D.C.
Page ii
1996 The International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development/ THE WORLD BANK
1818 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20433
All rights reserved
Manufactured in the United States of America
First printing November 1996
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the author and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank or the United Nations Children's Fund, to their affiliated organizations, or to members of their Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent.
Cover photograph by Curt Carnemark, The World Bank.
Mark Bray, a professor at the Comparative Research Centre of the University of Hong Kong, is author of several books and many articles focusing on aspects of the economics and financing of education. His books include (with Steve Packer) Education in Small States: Concepts, Challenges, and Strategies (Pergamon Press) and (editor, with Kevin Lillis) Community Financing of Education: Issues and Policy Implications in Less Developed Countries (Pergamon Press).
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bray, Mark. 1952
Counting the full cost : parental and community financing of education in East Asia / Mark Bray.
p. cm. (Directions in development)
"A collaborative report by the World Bank and the United Nations Children's Fund."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78).
ISBN 0-8213-3827-7
1.EducationAsiaCostsStatistics.2.ParentsAsiaFinance, PersonalStatistics.
3.Community and schoolAsia, Southeastern Statistics.I.Title.II.Series:
Directions in development (Washington, D.C.) LB2829.3.A78B73 1996
338.4'337'095021dc21 96-39150
CIP
Page iii
Contents
Foreword
v
Preface
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Issues
1
Picture 2
Human Rights, Private Schooling, and Fees
1
Picture 3
Political Forces and Budget Constraints
3
Picture 4
Parental and Community Willingness to Pay
4
Picture 5
Policy Dilemmas
6
Profiles of Nine East Asian Countries
8
Picture 6
Private Education
10
Picture 7
Costs to Parents and Families in the Public System
17
Picture 8
Community Resources in the Public System
29
Picture 9
Proportions of Total Costs Met by Families and Communities
32
Picture 10
Burden on Household Budgets
38
Policy Implications
42
Picture 11
Privatization in Education Systems
42
Picture 12
Effect on Enrollment
45
Picture 13
Official Policies on Fees
47
Picture 14
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