Henry J. Tobias - A History of the Jews in New Mexico
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In this first history of the Jews in New Mexico--from the colonial period to the present day--the author continuously ties the Jewish experience to the evolution of the societies in which they lived and worked. The book begins with one of the least known but most fascinating aspects of New Mexico Jewry--the crypto-Jews who came north to escape the Mexican Inquisition. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the story is more familiar: German merchants settling in Las Vegas and Santa Fe and then coming to Albuquerque after the railroad arrived. To these accounts the author adds considerable nuance and detail, particularly on the place of Jews in smaller communities such as Roswell and Las Cruces as well as their social life and religious practice in a frontier region. The discussion of the twentieth century focus particularly on the dynamics of Jewish development, and the ways in which that process differed in New Mexico.
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Jews--New Mexico--History, New Mexico--Ethnic relations.
publication date
:
1990
lcc
:
F805.J4T63 1990eb
ddc
:
978.9/004924
subject
:
Jews--New Mexico--History, New Mexico--Ethnic relations.
Page iii
A History of the Jews in New Mexico
Henry J. Tobias
University of New Mexico Press : ALBUQUERQUE
Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Tobias, Henry Jack. A history of the Jews in New Mexico / Henry J. Tobias. 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8263-1390-6 Paper 1. Jews New Mexico History. 2. New Mexico Ethnic relations. I. Title. F805.J4T63 1990 978.9'004924 dc20 90-39798
Design by Susan Gutnik.
Copyright 1990 by the University of New Mexico Press. All rights reserved. Fourth paperbound printing, 1998
Page v
To Charles E. Woodhouse: able scholar, dedicated teacher, imaginative co-worker, and consummate friend
Page vii
Contents
Preface
ix
Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction
1
Chapter One Hispanic New Mexico and Its Jewish Question
7
Chapter Two Migration and Settlement: The German Jews, 184660
23
Chapter Three A Golden Age of the German-Jewish Merchants, 186080
51
Chapter Four A Generation of Transition, 18801900
103
Chapter Five The Era of Quiet Change, 190040
135
Chapter Six The Explosive Era, 194080
171
Epilogue
203
Notes
211
Bibliography
251
Index
271
Page ix
Preface
To the best of my knowledge this is the first attempt to write a general history of the Jews in New Mexico. It is my belief that there can be no definitive history. The historian's efforts to depict the past will always fall short of the whole of reality. But without the attempt to describe the broad processes at work, one is left only with fragments. My purpose is to integrate facts and events to provide a broad picture. The very attempt to define and explain the historical terrain provides a social cartography by laying out the local and national conditions that have affected the Jews in New Mexico and their adaptation to these conditions from the time of settlement to the near present.
The problems encountered in writing such a general history, covering nearly a century and a half, are many. One dimension involves the documentation upon which the history rests. It is usually the case that the closer one gets to the present, the greater the quantity of materials extant. For the mid-nineteenth century each slip of paper is important because there are so many fewer of them available to reveal that era to us; in the late twentieth century we seek relief from the tidal wave of paper that engulfs us.
This condition affects both the presentation and the internal balance of the work. The relative scarcity of materials and persons, as well as the absence of formal institutions in the early period, pushes the historian toward biographical and anecdotal descrip-
Page x
tion from which analysis and conclusion are drawn. In more recent times, the much larger population and the existence of institutions which generate mass information allow a less anecdotal and personal approach and require a presentation based on analysis and conclusion drawn from the plenitude of data available.
Some persons may be put off by this partial shift in description. They may find biography intrinsically more interesting than the statistical accounts of mass change. Given the difference between the sizes of the population a century ago and now, one can easily see that anecdotal treatment of recent times would tell far less about the community as a whole than it would have when there were only a handful of persons. History moves beyond biography. It should tell more about a community than it does about individuals.
One of the unique values of a general history is that it links the past and present into a living process. Through description of both continuity and change and by coming as close to the present as is practical, the work should involve not only the past available through historical study, but also the connections between that past and the present. Generally, only historians talk to each other about the past resurrected by the study of documents. When the living are involved, a much broader dialogue becomes possible. People become aware of their own place in time and process and gauge themselves in the context of community, polity, and nation.
General as this history of New Mexico's Jews may be compared to the more limited descriptions attempted up to now, it is still a small part of the history of the Southwest, of the United States, or of the history of the Jews or the Jews in the United States. There is, however, an integral and reciprocal relationship between the smaller setting and the larger. The history of the Jews in New Mexico would be incomprehensible without knowledge of the broader world. Knowledge of what is uniquely local, in turn, informs and modifies the general, and the result is fuller comprehensive for all. No greater justification for local history, it seems to me, is necessary.
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