Frédéric Bozo - Two strategies for Europe: De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance

Cover

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Two Strategies for Europe

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De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance

Frdric Bozo

Translated by

Susan Emanuel

ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.

Lanham Boulder New York Oxford

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ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.

Published in the United States of America
by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
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Copyright 2001 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.

This work was published with the assistance of the Ministre Franais Charg de la Culture-Centre National du Livre.

All rights reserved . No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

British Cataloguing in Publication Information Available

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Bozo, Frdric.

[Deux stratgies pour l'Europe. English]

Two strategies for Europe : De Gaulle, the United States, and the Atlantic Alliance /

Frdric Bozo ; translated by Susan Emanuel.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-8476-9530-1 (alk. paper)ISBN 0-8476-9531-X (pbk. : alk. paper)

1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2. FrancePolitics and government19583. Gaulle, Charles de, 18901970. 4. FranceForeign relations19581969 5. FranceForeign relationsUnited States. 6. United StatesForeign relationsFrance. I. Title.

Printed in the United States of America

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z.39.48-1992.

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As is the case with all scholarly work, this book has its own history. I recall it here as a means of acknowledging the support from individuals and institutions without which its writing would have been impossible. The book's first draft was completed in 1992 at the University of Paris X-Nanterre; I want to thank my colleague and friend Pierre Melandri for his support, advice, and encouragement during this formative period. Throughout those years, my research gained enormously from the financial support and the intellectual impulse of the Groupe d'tude franais de l'armement nuclaire (GREFHAN). I want to express my appreciation to Maurice Vasse, to whom this book owes a great deal, and to honor the memory of Jean-Baptiste Duroselle. Because GREFHAN was the French branch of the international Nuclear History Program (NHP), I also want to thank the promoters of the NHP, in particular John L. Gaddis, Catherine Kelleher, Wolfgang Krieger, Ernest May, Uwe Nerlich, and Robert O'Neill. The French Institute for International Relations (IFRI), where I have conducted most of my research over these years, proved to be an incomparable asset both in terms of logistics and intellectual work, and I am grateful to Thierry de Montbrial for his support. I also thank the Fondation Charles de Gaulle, in particular Chantal Morelle, for making the publication of the French version possible. Last but not least, I want to express my gratitude and affection to Stanley Hoffmann, to whom I owe so much in so many regards, starting with two of his favorite themes: de Gaulle and French-American relations.

Not much of course would have been possible without access to appropriate sources. In the United States, I want to thank the librarians and staff of the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston and of the Lyndon B. Johnson Library in Austin, where I was fortunate enough to do research respectively in 1988 and 1990. In France, my appreciation goes to archivists and senior staff in the Archives Diplomatiques in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in particular Monique Constant and Pierre Fourni, for allowing me to consult theretofore inaccessible archival

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material from 1990 to 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995 as I worked to complete the French version of the book. I also thank those in charge of the Bibliothque de Documentation Internationale Contemporaine (BDIC) in Nanterre, the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques in Paris, and the Benjamin Franklin Center in the U.S. Embassy in Paris. Finally, I am grateful to all the former officials involved in the momentous events of that period who kindly agreed to be interviewed and serve as witnesses, thus providing a much-needed complement to archival and other sources.

Although it would be impossible to name all those who have contributed, one way or another, to this book, I am sure that those not personally mentioned here, whether friends, colleagues, or both, will recognize themselves in my gratitude.