Baradat - Political ideologies: their origins and impact

Political Ideologies

Their Origins and Impact

Eleventh Edition

LEON P. BARADAT

MiraCosta College

First published 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Published 2016 by Routledge

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Copyright 2012, 2009, 2006, 2003 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.

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Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within the text. Unless otherwise stated, all artwork has been provided by the authors.

ISBN: 9780205082384 (pbk)

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Baradat, Leon P., 1940

Political ideologies : their origins and impact / Leon P. Baradat.11th ed.

p. cm.

ISBN-13: 978-0-205-08238-4

ISBN-10: 0-205-08238-6

1. Political scienceHistoryTextbooks. 2. IdeologyHistoryTextbooks. I. Title.

JA83.B248 2011

320.509dc22

2010044244

To Elaine,
wife, partner, and friend.

And in memory of
Gail Prentiss and Cruz Venegas,
two of our best friends.

Supplements

S ince the first edition of this book, we have witnessed many changes in the currents and undertows of world politics. The Cold War ended, and people became hopeful momentarily that the political waters would calm. However, although the frightening possibility of a nuclear confrontation between the superpowers has diminished, we still find ourselves confronted with a threatening environment. The Middle East festers, even more than before; religious fundamentalism engenders violence; political terrorism has become commonplace; racism divides peoples; nationalism and neo-fascism emerge again; hate groups are resuscitating; famine emaciates millions in the Developing World while the insatiable developed economies squander resources; at home a corporate state emerges as the middle class disappears and vast wealth siphons into the hands of the very few; meanwhile, the Earth is warming in response to overcharged industrialized economies, threatening unprecedented disaster; and the press of the worlds exploding population on finite potable water, food supplies, breathable air, and other resources has become so acute as to cause serious people to wonder whether the Earth remains capable of sustaining us.

These problems, and many others demand solutions. To resolve our difficulties, we must have a firm understanding of our own values and political system so that our efforts can enhance what we cherish rather than sacrifice it. We must also realize that we have to work together with other people in the world, since, driven by a global economy, many of our problems span national boundaries, exceeding the capacity of single states to solve them. We must learn to deal with people who have values, views, and ideas different from our own.

This book is a good place to begin such a critical endeavor because a clear understanding of current world ideologies is essential if one is to grasp the political realities of our time.

Besides a thorough updating of examples, detail, and data, the following items are either wholly new or considerably expanded in this edition.

The mixed messages of the Obama administrations first year in the civil liberties, foreign policy, health care, immigration, and the environment.

The recently developed variegations in conservatism: The Tea Party movement, the expanding political importance of religious extremists, and the growing incivility of its extremists.

The Great Recession, its causes and its political fallout.

The reemergence of authoritarianism in the Developing World and Russia.

Chinas continuing economic miracle while maintaining a firm grip on the political system, but also suffering serious social, environmental, and health problems.

The transfer of power from Fidel to Raoul Castro.

Right-wing extremism mounting in Europe, Asia, and the United States.

The growing salience of Islamism.

Terrorisms increasing acceptance in certain quarters.

The Wests declining interest in feminism, but its spreading strength in the Developing World.

The mounting jeopardy to the global environment, with global warming coming more clearly into focus as the culprit.

I think of myself as a teacher, not an author. This book, therefore, is written as a vehicle for teaching some of the worlds great political ideas. Several features have been incorporated into this book that will help the reader learn its contents more easily.

Each chapter begins with a preview of the material to be covered in the chapter. It is designed to alert students to the principal ideas developed in the text that follows. Equipped with this overview, the details in the chapter become more meaningful. At the end of each chapter, questions are provided that are designed to stimulate thought and discussion about the major themes in the chapter.

I have also included at the end of each chapter a bibliography that can be used in further pursuit of the subject. These lists are certainly not exhaustive, but they can be used as jumping-off places for more detailed inquiry into the subject.

The text also includes italicized words and phrases. When you encounter them, take special note of them: it is my way of saying this material is particularly important. The glossary and the index at the end of the book should also be especially useful. The names and concepts appearing in boldface in the text can be found in the glossary, and you should pay close attention to them as well.

Fundamentally this book arrays the important ideologies chronologically so students not only learn the discrete ideas but also witness modern political thinking evolve. It is critical that students recognize the relevance to their lives of these ideas, thus care is taken to offer apt examples and to demonstrate the interrelationship of theoretical concepts, and practical politics. To this end, great effort is made to display the social, intellectual, and political consequences of the transformational economic progression from handcrafted goods, through mechanization, to cybernetics. Finally, it is essential that students receive a balanced presentation of this controversial subject. Accordingly, an effort is made to discuss a broad range of points of view on each topic.