Kivisto - Race and Ethnicity: The Basics

Race and ethnicity have shaped the social, cultural and political character of much of the world, and remain important influences on contemporary life in the twenty-first century. Race and Ethnicity: The Basics is an accessible introduction to these potent forces. Topics covered include:

• the patterns of racial and ethnic relations
• the dynamics of inequality
• the relationship between prejudice and discrimination
• ethnic conflict
• models of inclusion.

Including plenty of examples, chapter summaries and a glossary, this book is an essential read for all those interested in the contested field of race and ethnicity.

Peter Kivisto is Richard A. Swanson Professor of Social Thought at Augustana College, USA, and Finland Distinguished Professor at the University of Turku. He is the editor and author of numerous publications.

Paul R. Croll is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Augustana College, USA. His articles have appeared in Social Forces, Social Problems, and The American Sociologist.

ACTING

BELLA MERLIN

ANTHROPOLOGY

PETER METCALF

ARCHAEOLOGY (SECOND EDITION)

CLIVE GAMBLE

ART HISTORY

GRANT POOKE AND DIANA NEWALL

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

KEVIN WARWICK

THE BIBLE

JOHN BARTON

BUDDHISM

CATHY CANTWELL

CRIMINAL LAW

JONATHAN HERRING

CRIMINOLOGY (SECOND EDITION)

SANDRA WALKLATE

ECONOMICS (SECOND EDITION)

TONY CLEAVER

EDUCATION

KAY WOOD

EVOLUTION

SHERRIE LYONS

EUROPEAN UNION (SECOND EDITION)

ALEX WARLEIGH-LACK

FILM STUDIES

AMY VILLAREJO

FINANCE (SECOND EDITION)

ERIK BANKS

HUMAN GENETICS

RICKI LEWIS

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

PETER SUTCH AND JUANITA ELIAS

ISLAM (SECOND EDITION)

COLIN TURNER

JUDAISM

JACOB NEUSNER

LANGUAGE (SECOND EDITION)

R.L. TRASK

LAW

GARY SLAPPER AND DAVID KELLY

LITERARY THEORY (SECOND EDITION)

HANS BERTENS

LOGIC

JC BEALL

MANAGEMENT

MORGEN WITZEL

MARKETING (SECOND EDITION)

KARL MOORE AND NIKETH PAREEK

PHILOSOPHY (FOURTH EDITION)

NIGEL WARBURTON

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY

JOSEPH HOLDEN

POETRY (SECOND EDITION)

JEFFREY WAINWRIGHT

POLITICS (FOURTH EDITION)

STEPHEN TANSEY AND NIGEL JACKSON

THE QUR'AN

MASSIMO CAMPANINI

RELIGION (SECOND EDITION)

MALORY NYE

RELIGION AND SCIENCE

PHILIP CLAYTON

RESEARCH METHODS

NICHOLAS WALLIMAN

ROMAN CATHOLICISM

MICHAEL WALSH

SEMIOTICS (SECOND EDITION)

DANIEL CHANDLER

SHAKESPEARE (SECOND EDITION)

SEAN MCEVOY

SOCIOLOGY

KEN PLUMMER

TELEVISION STUDIES

TOBY MILLER

TERRORISM

JAMES LUTZ AND BRENDA LUTZ

THEATRE STUDIES

ROBERT LEACH

WORLD HISTORY

PETER N. STEARNS

WORLD MUSIC

RICHARD NIDEL

Peter Kivisto and Paul R. Croll

First published 2012

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada

by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2012 Peter Kivisto and Paul R. Croll

The right of Peter Kivisto and Paul R. Croll to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Kivisto, Peter, 1948

Race and ethnicity : the basics / Peter Kivisto and Paul Croll.

p. cm. (The basics)

Includes bibliographical references.

1. Race. 2. Racism. 3. Ethnicity. 4. Ethnic groups. I. Croll, Paul. II. Title.

HT1521.K49 2012

305.8dc23

2011020296

ISBN: 978-0-415-77373-7 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-415-77374-4 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-0-203-18107-2 (ebk)

Typeset in Aldus and Scala Sans

by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby

FIGURES

TABLES

BOXES

Reproduced by permission of the American Anthropological Association from its RACE: Are We So Different? public education project. Not for sale or further reproduction

Data from The Gallup Minority Rights and Relations Survey 2007

Data from US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey. 1968 to 2010 Annual Social and Economic Supplements

Data from US Census Bureau of Labor Statistics

Data from Center for American Progress

Data from Federal Reserve, 2007 Survey of Consumer Finances Public Data Set

Data from Corporation for Enterprise Development, 2007-2008 Assets and Opportunity Scorecard

Data from US Census Current Population Survey 2005

Sabrina Coffey

US Holocaust Memorial Museum

Sabrina Coffey

We would like to single out for special thanks our departmental secretary Jean Sottos and two of our students who took a lead role in producing various boxes and figures for the book: Sabrina Coffey and Moselle Singh. In addition, we would like to thank our departmental colleagues for their support and, more importantly, for their good will. Finally, we want our families to know that we truly appreciate their encouragement throughout. We understand only too well that our preoccupation with the book took away from precious time with each and every one of you.

Race and ethnicity have, during the centuries since the advent of the modern nation-state and the era of colonialism, profoundly shaped the social, cultural, economic, and political character of much of the globe. This includes both the wealthy nations of the world and the poor ones. Contrary to the predictions of modernization theorists and Marxists, both of which foresaw a future in which race and ethnicity would decline in significance as a consequence of the evolution of capitalist industrialization or the more overarching impact of the totality of modern institutions and practices, the historical record clearly reveals that divisions based on race and ethnicity remain a salient feature of contemporary social life in the twenty-first century.