Underground Front is a pioneering examination of the role that the Chinese Communist Party has played in Hong Kong since the creation of the party in 1921, through to the present day. The second edition goes into greater depth on the partys view on one country, two systems, patriotism, and elections. The introduction has been extensively revised and the concluding chapter has been completely rewritten in order to give a thorough account of the post-1997 governance and political system in Hong Kong, and where challenges lie. Christine Loh endeavours to keep the data and the materials up to date and to include the discussion of some recent events in Hong Kong. The appendices on the key targets of the partys united front activities also make the book an especially useful read for all who are interested in Hong Kong history and politics, and the history of modern China.
Christine Loh is the chief development strategist at the Institute for the Environment and Division of Environment and Sustainability, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. From 2012 to 2017, she was undersecretary for the environment in the Hong Kong government. A former legislator, and founder of Civic Exchange, a public policy think tank, she had a ringside seat to political events in Hong Kong in the run-up to 1997 and immediately beyond the transition. She is a lawyer by training and a published author of many works.
Although the author calls herself an outsider, this book provides such a distinctly incisive analysis that even an insider will pale by comparison. Christine Lohs exposition of the Communist Partys co-optation and persuasion is particularly revealing for anyone not versed in communist-speak. A must-read for anyone who cares for Hong Kongsimply because the Communist Party in Hong Kong is a heavyweight player in shaping our future.
Ching Cheong
Authoritative, thoroughly researched and lucidly written, Christine Lohs work must be read by everyone who wants to make sense of the Chinese Communist Partys agenda in Hong Kong. This book is remarkable for its fair-mindedness in evaluating the partys record. She provides an absorbing account of its leaders hard-headed pragmatism in tolerating this outpost of colonial and capitalism during the Cold War and the Cultural Revolution. Her analysis of the partys involvement in contemporary Hong Kong is an impressive contribution to our understanding of Beijings expanding involvement in Hong Kong affairs. The author has achieved a notable breakthrough with this fascinating study of a political organisation whose role and influence in Hong Kong have hitherto been shrouded in secrecy.
Leo Goodstadt
Underground Front
The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong
Second Edition
Christine Loh
Hong Kong University Press
The University of Hong Kong
Pokfulam Road
Hong Kong
https://hkupress.hku.hk
Christine Loh 2018
ISBN 978-988-8455-79-9 (Hardback)
ISBN 978-988-8455-73-7 (Paperback)
All rights reserved. No portion of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
This book is dedicated to the historians and social scientists whose work on Hong Kong studies has inspired me to try to write this book, and to the archivists who are continuing to fight for good records and archival management so that important archival materials can be made available from generation to generation.
Contents
Abbreviations
Anti-Persecution Committee | Hong Kong-Kowloon All Sectors Anti-Persecution Committee |
BAAG | British Army Aid Group |
Beijing or Central Authorities | CCP and the Chinese government |
BLCC | Basic Law Consultative Committee |
BLDC | Basic Law Drafting Committee |
Branch Bureau (South China Bureau) | Hong Kong Central Branch Bureau (renamed the Central South China Bureau) |
CCP Central Committee | Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party |
CCP Hong Kong | The Chinese Communist Partys Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Work Committee in Hong Kong |
CCP | Chinese Communist Party |
CDO | City District Office |
CIA | Central Intelligence Agency |
CPPCC | Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference |
DAB | Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong (subsequently renamed Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong) |
Foreign Office | The Foreign and Commonwealth Office |
FTU | Federation of Trade Unions |
HKAA | Hong Kong Affairs Advisors |
HKSAR | Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong |
JLG | Joint Liaison Group |
KMT | Kuomintang |
Liaison Office | Liaison Office of the Central Peoples Government in the HKSAR |
NPC | National Peoples Congress |
OMELCO | Office of the Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils |
PC | Preparatory Committee |
PWC | Preliminary Working Committee |
SC | Selection Committee |
SCNPC | Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress |
UMELCO | Unofficial Members of the Executive and Legislative Councils |
Xinhua Hong Kong | Xinhua News Agency (Hong Kong Branch) |
Preface to the Second Edition
Since the publication of the first edition in 2010, there have been many events that allowed me to observe the Chinese Communist Partys activities in Hong Kong. This edition ends in 2017, soon after the reunification passed its twentieth year. I have had the benefit of reading new publications about CCP history and activities in Hong Kong, some of which have commented on my first edition. Where corrections are due, I have made them in this edition. I am pleased that the first edition provoked others to write about the CCP in Hong Kong.
I am grateful to Hong Kong University Press for giving me the opportunity to update the book. This edition goes into greater depth on the partys view on one country, two systems, patriotism, and elections, as well as the post-1997 governance and political system in Hong Kong, and where challenges lie. Britains presence has faded and the Peoples Republic has become prominent. A generational change has taken place on the Mainland, and also in Hong Kong. The Mainland has made significant advances in many areas, whereas Hong Kong people seem to feel stuck. The younger generations in Hong Kong find the politics of the Mainland unappealing. It seems a segment of young people in Hong Kong reject the Mainland. Yet they will have to reconcile with Hong Kong being an inalienable part of China. The next phase of the life of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region might be about the process of reconciliation but the mighty CCP has to also admit that the political order it has put in place in Hong Kong has flaws.