OECD - OECD Pensions Outlook 2016
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OECD (2016), OECD Pensions Outlook 2016, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/pens_outlook-2016-en.
This third edition of the OECD Pensions Outlook provides an analysis of different pension policy issues in OECD countries covering both public and private pension systems.
This report is the joint work of staff of theFinancial Affairs Division of the OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs and the Social Policy Division of the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs. It has benefited from contributions from national government delegates, particularly delegates to the Committee for Financial Markets, the Insurance and Private Pensions Committee, the Working Party on Private Pensions and the Working Party on Social Policy. The views expressed here do not necessarilycorrespond to those of the national authorities concerned.
The editorial team for this report was led by Pablo Antolin. by Andrew Reilly and Herv Boulhol. The editorial team would like to thank Ole Beier, Emmy Labovitch, and Dariusz Stanko fortheir insightful discussions and comments; and Sally Day-Hanotiaux for all her support. Editorial and communication support was provided by Pauline Arbel, Pamela Duffin, Kate Lancaster and Edward Smiley.
Financial help from various institutions is gratefully acknowledged. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The view expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. The research on private pensions contained in this publication has also benefited from the financial support of Allianz Asset Management, International Pensions and Allianz Global Investors, Principal International Group, and Pruco Life Insurance Company.
Monika Queisser andStefano Scarpetta of the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs, and Adrian Blundell-Wignall, Andr Laboul, and Pierre Poret of the Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs provided useful advice and feedback.
Population ageing, the financial and economic crisis as well as the current environment of low growth and low interest rates pose fundamental and far-reaching challenges to pension systems. They increase financial pressure on defined benefit (DB) pension arrangements, which translates into fiscal difficulties for pay-as-you-go (PAYG) financed public pension arrangements,and strains on solvency for funded DB pension arrangements. Defined contribution (DC) pension arrangements in which individuals bear many of the risks of saving for retirement will see reductions in the retirement income they are able to deliver.
Pension systems are responding to these challenges. After far-reaching reforms during past decades, PAYG financed publicpensions in many countries are now on more financially sustainable ground. These reforms have also made some progress on adequacy, especially for low income socio-economic groups, but substantial gaps remain in several countries. Simultaneously, pension arrangements in which assets back pension benefits have grown in importance, contributing to diversification of sources to financeretirement and complementing public pensions. In particular, arrangements with a more direct and straightforward link between contributions and benefits (DC) are becoming more prominent. As a result, individuals now have to make retirement decisions and bear the risks associated with saving for retirement, such as investment and longevity, which could result in shortfalls in retirementincome. This is in contrast with DB pension arrangements in which employers or the State, bear those risks.
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