About the author
Dr Graham Dunkley has variously been a freelance journalist, worked with NGOs and been an economics lecturer at Victoria University, Melbourne. He is currently an independent writer. He is the author of The Free Trade Adventure and Free Trade: Myth, Reality and Alternatives (both published by Zed Books).
ONE WORLD MANIA
A CRITICAL GUIDE TO FREE TRADE, FINANCIALIZATION AND OVER-GLOBALIZATION
Graham Dunkley
One World Mania: A Critical Guide to Free Trade, Financialization and Over-Globalization was first published in 2016 by Zed Books Ltd, The Foundry, 17 Oval Way, London SE11 5RR, UK.
www.zedbooks.net
Copyright Graham Dunkley 2016
The right of Graham Dunkley to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988.
Typeset in Plantin and Kievit by Swales & Willis Ltd, Exeter, Devon
Index by Rohan Bolton
Cover design by Design Deluxe
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of Zed Books Ltd.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-1-78360-073-1 hb
ISBN 978-1-78360-072-4 pb
ISBN 978-1-78360-074-8 pdf
ISBN 978-1-78360-075-5 epub
ISBN 978-1-78360-076-2 mobi
For Kiran
My Daughter
and
Yvonne
My Friend
Both Indispensable Computer Troubleshooters
CONTENTS
Figures
OECD trade, investment and migrant populations (19602005) |
Ricardos four magic numbers |
Gains and losses from free trade |
China: GDP growth and major policy changes |
Capital mobility and incidence of banking crises |
Some dimensions of financialisation (c. 19602015) |
Total outstanding cross-border financial assets and liabilities |
Total outstanding cross-border financial flows, and total imports and exports of goods |
Real GDP growth and trend (world, 19802009) |
European unemployment from 1960 |
Share of total US income received by the richest 1 per cent of the population |
World GDP growth (19612009) |
The integration pyramid |
Growth and trade, Europe (19602013) |
Tables
Merchandise exports as a percentage of GDP in sample countries |
Selected indicators of FDI, by volumes and ratios (world, 2014) |
FDI inflows as a percentage of GDP and total capital investment (selected countries and regions, 2014) |
This work began life as a new edition of my 2004 book, Free Trade: Myth, Reality and Alternatives (Zed Books), but after ten years and a vastly changed world I found it too difficult to revise, so here is a whole new book, on much wider aspects of globalisation. I am profoundly grateful to Ken Barlow of Zed Books for his interest, support and time extensions to allow its satisfactory completion. I am also deeply indebted to John King, Joe Camilleri and a publishers referee for reading the entire manuscript and providing invaluable suggestions. Likewise to Gabriel Lafitte for all manner of assistance. I also wish to thank Jim Stanford, Frank Stilwell, Richard Crosbie, P.J. Gunawardana and Jamie Doughney for valuable comments on parts of the book. However, full responsibility lies with myself. The final version could not have been completed without the indispensable production assistance of Yvonne Jemmeson, Glenda Boissevain and Kiran Dunkley-Crawford, to whom I am eternally grateful, as well as to Siti Nuryanah for invaluable assistance with the graphs in the Appendix. Thanks also to Lou Connell for assistance with information.
I also wish to thank the following for permission to use graphic material: Briana Loewne of Princeton University Press for Figure 6.1, Rolph van der Hoeven for Figure 8.1 and Andrew Rose for Figure 8.3.
AFC | Asian Financial Crisis |
AIG | American International Group |
BIS | Bank for International Settlements (Basel) |
BITs | bilateral investment treaties |
BRICS | Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa |
CDOs | collateralised debt obligations (financial instruments) |
CGE | computable general equilibrium (models) |
EMH | efficient market hypothesis |
EU | European Union |
FDI | foreign direct investment |
GATS | General Agreement on Trade in Services (WTO) |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
GFC | Global Financial Crisis (20089) |
GTAP | Center for Global Trade Analysis at Purdue University (computer modelling system) |
GVCs | global value chains |
ICSID | International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (World Bank investment disputes tribunal) |
IFIs | international financial institutions (IMF, World Bank and others) |
IIAs | international investment agreements |
ILO | International Labour Organization |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
IPRs | intellectual property rights |
ISDS | investor-state dispute settlement (arbitration systems) |
MENA | Middle East and North Africa |
NGOs | non-governmental organisations |
NIET | New International Economic Theory |
OECD | Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (research centre, Paris) |
OEZs | offshore evasion zones (my term for tax havens and other such centres) |
OLI | ownership, location, internalisation (Dunnings theory of FDI) |
PPPs | purchasing power parities (international price adjustment system) |
R and D | research and development |
SAPs | structural adjustment programmes (mostly of IMF and World Bank) |
SSA | Sub-Saharan Africa |
TISA | Trade in Services Agreement (proposal) |
TNCs | transnational companies (or corporations) |
TPP | Trans-Pacific Partnership (agreement) |
TRIMs | Trade-Related Investment Measures (WTO) |
TRIPs | Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (WTO) |
TTIP | Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (proposed agreement, USA-EU) |