Ruben Ygua - THE TRIUMPH OF REVOLUTION

RUBEN YGUA

RUBEN YGUA

THE TRIUMPH OF REVOLUTION

THE TRIUMPH OF REVOLUTION

Contact with the author: ruben.ygua@gmail.com

RUBEN YGUA

The content of this work, including the spelling check, is the sole responsibility of the author.

THE TRIUMPH OF REVOLUTION

Dedicated to my family

RUBEN YGUA

Traditional methods of studying the past have always given greater importance to nationalist, religious and moral interests, which subordinated the historical fact to the System point of view.

Thats how we have been educated.

The time has come to simplify and show respect for our ancestors, striving to know what really happened in the past, and not just what they want to inform us about.

After so many years of studying History, I came to the conclusion that the best study system is through an impartial, objective Chronology that just put each event in its exact place in time, revealing History without manipulation.

This Chronology contains not only purely political facts, such as the foundation of cities, the birth of kingdoms and empires, scientific and geographical discoveries, natural disasters and epidemics; it also includes information on the most different fields of human activity: chemistry, astronomy, geography, mathematics, and so on. In parallel, the chronology is complemented by data that do not belong to a specific date, but to an entire epoch, they are each society generalities, curiosities, customs, the religion of each civilization, inventions or discoveries that cannot be placed in an exact date, etc.

The result of all this set is one of the most complete chronologies within its reach, periodically updated with the latest archaeological and scientific discoveries, and that transforms the reader into an eyewitness of the past, understanding the relation of geographically distant facts to each other, but closely connected in time and influencing unexpected consequences. This is something that traditional history has generally ignored when it was not usable.

A work of this magnitude could not be published in a single book, so I have divided it into several collections, and the Spanish originals are being translated into French, English, Italian and Portuguese.

The chronology goes from prehistory to the present day year by year, as far as possible.

For those who prefer a deeper and more detailed study, I have prepared a second chronology, day by day, which for now covers from 1789 to 1946, divided into five collections.

Ruben Ygua

THE TRIUMPH OF REVOLUTION

1844-1848

RUBEN YGUA

1844

JANUARY

1st-England: Felix Mendelssohn presents in London one of his protgs, a twelve-year-old Hungarian violinist named Joseph Joachim.

The boy performed the Beethoven concerto with great virtuosity under Mendelssohn's baton, and both the work and the performers were resoundingly successful.

-Caribe: the tower of the lantern in the castle of the Three Kings of the Morro of Habana is demolished and replaced by the current one.

-Peru: the dictator Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco was especially despotic. He had imposed on civilians and military an oath of allegiance to himself and banished his adversaries. This morning he created a silver card necessary to access the presidential office.

- Philippines: Chinese residents are allowed to smoke opium, maintaining the prohibition for other ethnic groups and this product, which is ruining China economically and healthily, here becomes a fiscal or airtight monopoly.

-Peru: Generals Domingo Nieto and Ramn Castilla take up the dictator Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco.

-Spain: in Alicante, the liberal police commander Pantaleon Bon takes up arms against the Madrid government.

-London: composer John Addison dies.

FEBRUARY

-France: the first number of the Deutch-Franzsische Jahrbcher (Franco-German Annals), edited by Karl Marx and Arnold Ruge, is published in Paris.

-Spain: Valencia's captain general, Federico Roncali, puts Alicante under siege.

- United States: Mormon Joseph Smith is running for president, with Sidney Rigdon running for vice president. He wrote: I emphatically, virtuously and humanely propose a Theo-democracy, in which God and the people direct the affairs of men in the right way.

- Pacific: Robert Fitzroy had recently been appointed as governor of New Zealand. He became interested in the Wairau massacre that occurred the previous year and, after listening to the settlers and the Maori, concluded that the settlers' actions had been illegal, although he reproached the Maori for having killed prisoners.

Fitzroy's unusual decision to recognize indigenous rights was a shock to the fledgling colony; Governor Fitzroy will not be very popular, and he will not last two years in office.

- Peru: the dictator Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco dies suddenly, there are rumors that he has been poisoned.

-Peru: General Castilla is proclaimed provisional Head of State.

- Madrid: at the Teatro de la Cruz the play Don Juan Tenorio, by Jos Zorrilla, opens.

- Caribbean: a revolution breaks out in the eastern part of the island of Santo Domingo against the government of Haiti.

- United States: While President Tyler was visiting the Princeton warship, during the ceremonial firing of one of its cannons; an explosion occurred that caused several deaths and injuries. Tyler was unharmed, but among the dead is his secretary of state, Abel Parker Upshur.

- Caribbean: the Dominican Republic becomes independent from Haiti.

THE TRIUMPH OF REVOLUTION

MARCH

1st -Spain: Captain Roncali enters Valencia after a siege of several weeks, the rebels capitulate.

-Spain: Pantaleon Bon and 23 of his collaborators are shot from behind in Alicante, the rebellion ends.

- United States: John C. Calhoun accepts the position of Secretary of State; his first mission will be to finish the negotiations for the annexation of Texas.

-Sweden: King Charles XIV John dies, (the French Marshal Bernadotte, general of Napoleon I). Those in charge of preparing his body for burial found on him a tattoo that read: "Mort aux roi" (death to kings), which must have been done during the time of the French Revolution.

-Sweden: Charles XIV is succeeded by his son Oscar I, despite the protests of Gustav Vasa, the son of the overthrown King Gustav IV Adolf, who was now forty-five years old and since his exile in Austria he considered himself the legitimate heir of the Swedish and Norwegian crowns.

-Caribbean: Haitian President Charles Rivire-Hrard invades the Dominican Republic with an army of 25,000 men in an attempt to return it to Haitian sovereignty.

- Spain: ten years ago the Santa Hermandad, (Holy Brotherhood) the rural police created in the Middle Ages and which had reached a high degree of efficiency during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, had been suppressed, but which in its last years had stood out for its ineffectiveness, banditry has increased in rural Spanish areas, and the government is studying the creation of a new police force.

- Paraguay: Paraguayan consul Carlos Antonio Lpez sends his colleague, Mariano Roque, into exile and has himself proclaimed president of the nation for a period of 10 years.

- Paraguay: Congress approves a Constitution that grants Lopez (His Excellency) dictatorial powers, and does not recognize any kind of civil rights to citizens (the word "freedom" does not even appear in the text).

The dictatorship of Lopez will be somewhat softer than that of his uncle, and under it the country will begin to open up abroad.