PRAISE FOR
Lives of American Women
Finally! The majority of studentsby which I mean womenwill have the opportunity to read biographies of women from our nations past. (Men can read them too, of course!) The Lives of American Women series features an eclectic collection of books, readily accessible to students who will be able to see the contributions of women in many fields over the course of our history. Long overdue, these books will be a valuable resource for teachers, students, and the public at large.
COKIE ROBERTS,
author of Founding Mothers and Ladies of Liberty
Just what any professor wants: books that will intrigue, inform, and fascinate students! These short, readable biographies of American womenspecifically designed for classroom usegive instructors an appealing new option to assign to their history students.
MARY BETH NORTON,
Mary Donlon Alger Professor of American History,
Cornell University
For educators keen to include women in the American story, but hampered by the lack of thoughtful, concise scholarship, here comes Lives of American Women, embracing Abigail Adamss counsel to John remember the ladies. And high time, too!
LESLEY S. HERRMANN,
Executive Director, The Gilder Lehrman
Institute of American History
Students both in the general survey course and in specialized offerings like my course on U.S. womens history can get a great understanding of an era from a short biography. Learning a lot about a single but complex character really helps to deepen appreciation of what womens lives were like in the past.
PATRICIA CLINE COHEN,
University of California, Santa Barbara
Biographies are, indeed, back. Not only will students read them, biographies provide an easy way to demonstrate particularly important historical themes or ideas.... Undergraduate readers will be challenged to think more deeply about what it means to be a woman, citizen, and political actor.... I am eager to use this in my undergraduate survey and specialty course.
JENNIFER THIGPEN,
Washington State University, Pullman
These books are, above all, fascinating stories that will engage and inspire readers. They offer a glimpse into the lives of key women in history who either defied tradition or who successfully maneuvered in a mans world to make an impact. The stories of these vital contributors to American history deliver just the right formula for instructors looking to provide a more complicated and nuanced view of history.
ROSANNE LICHATIN,
2005 Gilder Lehrman Preserve
American History Teacher of the Year
The Lives of American Women authors raise all of the big issues I want my classes to confrontand deftly fold their arguments into riveting narratives that maintain students excitement.
WOODY HOLTON,
author of Abigail Adams
Lives of American Women
Carol Berkin, Series Editor
Westview Press is pleased to launch Lives of American Women. Selected and edited by renowned womens historian Carol Berkin, these brief, affordably priced biographies are designed for use in undergraduate courses. Rather than a comprehensive approach, each biography focuses instead on a particular aspect of a womans life that is emblematic of her time, or which made her a pivotal figure in the era. The emphasis is on a good read, featuring accessible writing and compelling narratives, without sacrificing sound scholarship and academic integrity. Primary sources at the end of each biography reveal the subjects perspective in her own words. Study Questions and an Annotated Bibliography support the student reader.
Dolley Madison: The Problem of National Unity by Catherine Allgor
Lillian Gilbreth: Redefining Domesticity by Julie Des Jardins
Alice Paul: Equality for Women by Christine Lunardini
Rebecca Dickinson: Independence for a New England Woman by Marla Miller
Sarah Livingston Jay: Model Republican Woman by Mary-Jo Kline
Betsy Mix Cowles: Bold Reformer by Stacey Robertson
Sally Hemings: Given Her Time by Jon Kukla
Shirley Chisholm: Catalyst for Change by Barbara Winslow
Margaret Sanger: Freedom, Controversy and the Birth Control Movement by Esther Katz
Barbara Egger Lennon: Teacher, Mother, Activist by Tina Brakebill
Anne Hutchinson: A Dissident Womans Boston by Vivian Bruce Conger
Angela Davis: Radical Icon by Robyn Spencer
Catharine Beecher: The Complexity of Gender in 19th Century America by Cindy Lobel
Julia Lathrop: Social Service and Progressive Government by Miriam Cohen
Mary Pickford: Women, Film and Selling Girlhood by Kathy Feeley
Elizabeth Gurley Flynn: The Making of the Modern Woman by Lara Vapnek
Dolley
Madison
The Problem of National Unity
CATHERINE ALLGOR
University of California, Riverside
LIVES OF AMERICAN WOMEN
Carol Berkin, Series Editor
A Member of the Perseus Books Group
Westview Press was founded in 1975 in Boulder, Colorado, by notable publisher and intellectual Fred Praeger. Westview Press continues to publish scholarly titles and high-quality undergraduate-and graduate-level textbooks in core social science disciplines. With books developed, written, and edited with the needs of serious nonfiction readers, professors, and students in mind, Westview Press honors its long history of publishing books that matter.
Copryight 2013 by Westview Press
Published by Westview Press,
A Member of the Perseus Books Group
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address Westview Press, 2465 Central Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301.
Find us on the World Wide Web at www.westviewpress.com.
Every effort has been made to secure required permissions for all text, images, maps, and other art reprinted in this volume.
Westview Press books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut Street, Suite 200, Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, ext. 5000, or e-mail .
Designed by Brent Wilcox
A CIP catalog record for the print version of this book is available from the Library of Congress
EBOOK ISBN: 978-0-8133-4760-8
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CONTENTS
For contemporary Americans, it is often tempting to look back with nostalgia on the early years of our nation. We stand reverently before the portraits and statutes of national statesmen like Washington, Jefferson, Adams, and Hamilton and admire them for their optimism, their clear vision, and their confidence that this bold experiment in representative government would endure. These members of our founding generation would surely delight in our admiration, but would they recognize themselves or their colleagues in the myths we spin about them? Surely not. Most of the men who wrote the Constitution believed that the republic it established would last little more than a decade. They had reason to be anxious: in the 1790s and early 1800s they faced diplomatic crises with foreign countries, domestic uprisings, and ultimately a second war with their former mother country, Great Britain. But perhaps their greatest challenge was how to forge an
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