British History in Perspective
General Editor: Jeremy Black
Toby Barnard The Kingdom of Ireland, 16411760
Eugenio Biagini Gladstone
D.G. Boyce The Irish Question and British Politics, 18681996 (2nd edn)
Keith M. Brown Kingdom or Province? Scotland and the Regal Union, 16031715
A.D. Carr Medieval Wales
Gregory Claeys The French Revolution Debate in Britain
Eveline Cruickshanks The Glorious Revolution
Anne Curry The Hundred Years War (2nd edn)
John Derry Politics in the Age of Fox, Pitt and Liverpool (rev. edn)
Susan Doran England and Europe in the Sixteenth Century
Sen Duffy Ireland in the Middle Ages
David Gladstone The Twentieth-Century Welfare State
Brian Golding Conquest and Colonisation: the Normans in Britain, 10661100 (rev. edn)
Sean Greenwood Britain and the Cold War, 194591
Steven Gunn Early Tudor Government, 14851558
Richard Harding The Evolution of the Sailing Navy 15091815
David Harkness Ireland in the Twentieth Century: Divided Island
Ann Hughes The Causes of the English Civil War (2nd edn)
I.G.C. Hutchison Scottish Politics in the Twentieth Century
Ronald Hutton The British Republic, 16491660 (2nd edn)
Kevin Jeffreys The Labour Party since 1945
T.A. Jenkins Disraeli and Victorian Conservatism
T.A. Jenkins Sir Robert Peel
J. Gwynfor Jones Early Modern Wales, c.15251640
H.S. Jones Victorian Political Thought
D.E. Kennedy The English Revolution, 16421649
Christine Kinealy The Great Irish Famine
Diarmaid MacCulloch Later Reformation in England, 15471603 (2nd edn)
David Loades The Mid-Tudor Crisis, 15451565
John F. McCaffrey Scotland in the Nineteenth Century
W. David McIntyre British Decolonisation, 19461997
A.P. Martinich Thomas Hobbes
Roger Middleton The British Economy since 1945
W.M. Ormrod Political Life in Medieval England, 13001450
Richie Ovendale Anglo-American Relations in the Twentieth Century
Ian Packer Lloyd George
Keith Perry British Politics and the American Revolution
Murray G.H. Pittock Scottish Nationality
Murray G.H. Pittock Jacobitism
A.J. Pollard The Wars of the Roses (2nd edn)
David Powell British Politics and the Labour Question, 18681990
David Powell The Edwardian Crisis: Britain, 19011914
Richard Rex Henry VIII and the English Reformation (2nd edn)
Matthew Roberts Political Movements in Urban England, 18321914
David Scott Politics and War in the Three Stuart Kingdoms, 163749
G.R. Searle The Liberal Party: Triumph and Disintegration, 18861929 (2nd edn)
John Stuart Shaw The Political History of Eighteenth-Century Scotland
W.M. Spellman John Locke
William Stafford John Stuart Mill
Robert Stewart Party and Politics 18301852
Alan Sykes The Radical Right in Britain
Bruce Webster Medieval Scotland
Ann Williams Kingship and Government in Pre-Conquest England
Ian S. Wood Churchill
John W. Young Britain and European Unity, 194599 (2nd edn)
Michael B. Young Charles I
Paul Ziegler Palmerston
Please note that a sister series, Social History in Perspective, is available covering the key topics in social and cultural history.
British History in Perspective
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Political Movements in Urban England, 18321914
MATTHEW ROBERTS
Matthew Roberts 2009
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Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my colleagues at Sheffield Hallam, especially Peter Cain, Marie Hockenhull Smith, Merv Lewis, Roger Lloyd-Jones, Clare Midgley and Antony Taylor, who shared their knowledge and enthusiasm. Beyond Sheffield, I have received help and encouragement from James Gregory, Jon Lawrence, Matthew McCormack, Jon Parry, Jane Rendall, Edward Royle and Philip Salmon. I also thank the editors of Parliamentary History for allowing me to use a review article that I wrote for them as the basis for . Finally, special thanks must go to Rosalind Wolstenholme for her tolerance, support and love.
MATTHEW ROBERTS
Introduction
This book is a study of the mass political movements that came of age in England between the Great Reform Act of 1832 and the outbreak of the Great War in 1914, and explores the evolving relationship between these political movements and their popular supporters in urban England. Although there was nothing exclusively urban about many of these political movements, their epicentres were usually to be found in the burgeoning towns and cities of Victorian and Edwardian England, hence the focus in this book on the urban dimensions of political mobilization.
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