For Their Own Cause
CIVIL WAR IN THE NORTH
Broken Glass: Caleb Cushing and the Shattering of the Union John M. Belohlavek
Banners South: A Northern Community at War Edmund J. Raus
Circumstances are destiny: An Antebellum Womans Struggle to Define Sphere Tina Stewart Brakebill
More Than a Contest between Armies: Essays on the Civil War Edited by James Marten and A. Kristen Foster
August Willichs Gallant Dutchmen: Civil War Letters from the 32nd Indiana Infantry Translated and Edited by Joseph R. Reinhart
Meades Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman Edited by David W. Lowe
Dispatches from Bermuda: The Civil War Letters of Charles Maxwell Allen, U.S. Consul at Bermuda, 18611888 Edited by Glen N. Wiche
The Antebellum Crisis and Americas First Bohemians Mark A. Lause
Orlando M. Poe: Civil War General and Great Lakes Engineer Paul Taylor
Northerners at War: Reflections on the Civil War Home Front J. Matthew Gallman
A German Hurrah! Civil War Letters of Friedrich Bertsch and Wilhelm Stngel, 9th Ohio Infantry Translated and Edited by Joseph R. Reinhart
They Have Left Us Here to Die: The Civil War Prison Diary of Sgt. Lyle G. Adair, 111th U.S. Colored Infantry Edited by Glenn Robins
The Story of a Thousand: Being a History of the Service of the 105th Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the War for the Union, from August 21, 1862, to June 6, 1865 Albion W. Tourge, Edited by Peter C. Luebke
The Election of 1860 Reconsidered Edited by A. James Fuller
A Punishment on the Nation: An Iowa Soldier Endures the Civil War Edited by Brian Craig Miller
Yankee Dutchmen under Fire: Civil War Letters from the 82nd Illinois Infantry Translated and Edited by Joseph R. Reinhart
The Printers Kiss: The Life and Letters of a Civil War Newspaperman and His Family Edited by Patricia A. Donohoe
Conspicuous Gallantry: The Civil War and Reconstruction Letters of James W. King, 11th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Edited by Eric R. Faust
Johnsons Island: A Prison for Confederate Officers Roger Pickenpaugh
Lincolns Generals Wives: Four Women Who Influenced the Civil Warfor Better and for Worse Candice Shy Hooper
For Their Own Cause: The 27th United States Colored Troops Kelly D. Mezurek
For
Their
Own
Cause
The 27th
United States
Colored Troops
Kelly D. Mezurek
The Kent State University Press Kent, Ohio
2016 by The Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio 44242
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 2016007938
ISBN 978-1-60635-289-2
Manufactured in the United States of America
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA
Names: Mezurek, Kelly D., author.
Title: For their own cause : the 27th United States Colored Troops / Kelly D. Mezurek.
Description: Kent, Ohio : The Kent State University Press, 2016. | Series: Civil War in the North | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016007938 (print) | LCCN 2016009335 (ebook) | ISBN 9781606352892 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781631012228 (ePub) | ISBN 9781631012235 (ePdf)
Subjects: LCSH: United States. Army. Colored Infantry Regiment, 27th (18641865) | United StatesHistoryCivil War, 18611865Regimental histories. | OhioHistoryCivil War, 18611865Regimental histories. | United StatesHistoryCivil War, 18611865 Participation, African American. | African American soldiersHistory19th century.
Classification: LCC E492.94 27th .M49 2016 (print) | LCC E492.94 27th (ebook) | DDC 973.7/415dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016007938
20 19 18 17 16 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
This book is the culmination of over fifteen years of research and writing. During that time I was assisted and supported by many individuals. At Walsh University, I would like to thank the Office of Academic Affairs for my Summer 2013 Faculty Scholar Research Award and the members of the Works in Progress writing group, who inspired me with their generosity and talents. A word of thanks to Alyssa Arciello Mitchell, for her ability to locate and procure whatever interlibrary loan materials that I needed, and to Daniel Widder, who served as my research assistant when I revised the manuscript.
I have been fortunate to meet or correspond with many fellow historians, who answered my questions or shared their research with a willing spirit. My sincerest gratitude goes to Chris E. Fonvielle Jr., Barbara A. Gannon, Jim Leeke, Larry Logue, Noah Andre Trudeau, and especially to John T. Hubbell. I would also like to recognize the staff at the Archives Library and Information Center at the National Archives in Washington, D.C., a number of whom have changed since my first visit in 2002. Their knowledge about and help with Civil Warrelated records has been invaluable to me. I appreciate the assistance that I received from the staff at the U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center. And I am happy to recognize Joyce Harrison and the staff at The Kent State University Press for their support and encouragement throughout the process of publishing my first book.
I have been honored to make the acquaintance of several individuals who are descendants of the men who served in the 27th United States Colored Troops. It has been my pleasure to share information with and learn more about the soldiers and officers from Leah Agne, Catherine Bowman, Helen Farrell, Marjorie Parham, Michel Smith, Kathleen Tibbs, and Kimeta A. Warwick Dover. I am indebted to John David Smith and Richard M. Reid for their meticulous reading of the manuscript. This is a much better book because of their insightful observations and helpful comments. In the end though, any and all errors and omissions are mine alone.
For over fifteen years my PhD adviser and mentor, Leonne M. Hudson, associate professor at Kent State University, has provided me with unconditional support. His mentorship has been and still is invaluable to me. The completion of this book and my current position as an associate professor of history are both due to his patience, generosity, and examples of professionalism. There are no words that can adequately express the depth of my gratitude. Thank you, Leonne.
I dedicate this book to my children, Carlee, Bailey, Cody, and Cory. You are, and will always be, my greatest creations.
Wars produce many stories of fiction, some of which are told
until they are believed to be true.
Ulysses S. Grant
More than a century after the War of the Rebellion, the African American writer Ralph Ellison observed that most United States military actions have been wars-within-wars. He explained that blacks, despite their previous contributions, had to repeatedly fight for the right to participate in military service. Ellison concluded that they did so because they sought access to the socially defined ideals of manhood and citizenship. So it was for many men during the Civil War. The 1989 motion picture Glory successfully conveys the meaning of Ellisons comments to present-day Americans by telling the story of the 54th Massachusetts, a regiment of United States Colored Troops (USCT). Approximately 179,000 blacks served in the Union army during the American Civil War. They fought in every theater of the conflict, participated in over 440 engagements, and with almost 38,000 deaths, suffered an estimated 35 percent greater loss than white troops. Close to three-quarters of all black men of military age who resided in the Unions free states served, approximately 20 percent of all USCT. While they made a significant contribution to the Union victory and helped to bring about the end of slavery, many fought for their own causes. As a result, black Northerners, in a period of only a few years, experienced a radical transformation in their relationship with the federal government. Although the inclusion of blacks in the U.S. Army occurred due to military necessity, by virtue of their toil and blood
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