GETTING TO ZERO
THE PATH TO NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT
Edited by
Catherine McArdle Kelleher and Judith Reppy
Stanford Security Studies
An Imprint of Stanford University Press
Stanford, California 2011
Stanford University Press
Stanford, California
2011 by the Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University.
All rights reserved.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Getting to zero : the path to nuclear disarmament / edited by Catherine McArdle Kelleher and Judith Reppy.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8047-7394-2 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-8047-7702-5 (pbk. : alk. paper)
ISBN 978-0-8047-7772-8 (e-book)
1. Nuclear disarmament. 2. Nuclear weaponsGovernment policy. I. Kelleher, Catherine McArdle, editor of compilation. II. Reppy, Judith (Judith Voris), editor of compilation.
JZ 5675. G 492011
Typeset at Stanford University Press in 10/14 Minion
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FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
TABLES
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Books, like families, require myriad sources for success: strong personal relationships, supportive environments, funding, and considerable luck. We have been fortunate in all these domains and wish to extend our thanks to those individuals and institutions whose contributions and confidence in the enterprise have helped us bring this volume to fruition.
The book represents the last step in a fascinating decade-long research project launched under two titles, the Dialogue of Americans, Russians, and Europeans (DARE) and its predecessor, Germans, Americans, and Russians in Dialogue (GARD), both made possible by generous grants from the Carnegie Corporation. Deana Arsenian, now Carnegie vice president, provided intellectual and financial support from the very first days at Aspen Berlin. We were also aided by funding for this volume from the Watson Institute of International Studies at Brown, the home of DARE since 2002, and its Project on Nuclear Dilemmas of the 21st Century. Cornell Universitys Peace Studies Program under the leadership of Jonathan Kirshner and Elaine Scott generously allowed Sandra Kisner to serve as copy-editor extraordinaire. We could not have finished the project without her help.
Our abiding thanks for the book itself go to our contributors, who were not only excellent partners but also patient and responsive collaborators throughout all the problems of editing and writing on two continents. Particular gratitude goes to David Holloway, who got us started and was there for the finish as well. Our deep appreciation, too, to those who provided all manner of help in the production process: Simon Moore and Philip Maxon in College Park, and Scott Warren in Providence. Sheila Fournier, Ellen White, and Christine Kilgus were the outstanding Brown masters in financial management and meeting organization.
We have also been fortunate in the people and locations who allowed us to test and improve our thoughts along the way. Carlo Schaerf and ISODARCO provided a stage for the first public presentations of our arguments in January 2009 at the ISODARCO Winter Course in Andalo, Italy. We are grateful to the Italian funders that made that possible: the physics departments of the Universities of Rome Tor Vergata and of Trento; The Fondazione Opera Campana dei Caduti of Rovereto and in particular its Reggente, Prof. Sen. Alberto Robol; the Giunta della Provincia Autonoma di Trento and the presidencies of the Trentino Alto Adige regional council and of the Trentino provincial council. Physicians for Social Responsibility through Jill Marie Lewis supported our authors meeting in May 2009 in Washington, DC.
The Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM) provided Catherine much needed stimulation, space, and services. Catherine wishes also to give particular thanks to Thomas Biersteker, Barbara Stallings, and Michael Kennedy, all Watson Institute directors, for their personal support of DARE activities, and to John Birkelund, long-time chairman of the Watson Board for his critical interest.
Catherine McArdle Kelleher, College Park, Maryland
Judith Reppy, Ithaca, New York
ABBREVIATIONS
ABM | Anti-Ballistic Missile (Treaty) |
AMS | (Chinese) Academy of Military Sciences |
ASMP | Air-Sol Moyenne Porte (medium-range air-to-surface missile) |
ASOC | Air Sovereignty Operation Centers |
AWE | [UK] Atomic Weapons Establishment |
BMD | ballistic missile defense |
CAEP | Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics |
CAI | Cooperative Airspace Initiative |
CD | (Geneva) Conference on Disarmament |
CDU | Christian-Democratic Union (Germany) |
CEA | Commissariat lEnergie Atomique (French Atomic Energy |
Commission) |
CEP | circular error probable |
CFE | Conventional Forces in Europe |
CFSP | Common Foreign and Security Policy |
CIRUS | Canada-India-Reactor-United States |
CISAC | Committee on International Security and Arms Control |
CNS | [Russian] Concept of National Security |
CSGAC | Chinese Scientists Group for Arms Control |
CSU | Christian Social Union (Germany) |
CTBT | Comprehensive (Nuclear) Test Ban Treaty |
DE | damage expectancy |
DOD | [U.S.] Department of Defense |
DOE | [U.S.] Department of Energy |
EADS | European Aeronautic Defense and Space Co. |
ENDC | Eighteen Nation Disarmament Committee |
EPR | European Pressurised Reactor |
ESDP | European security and defense policy |
FDP | Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
FMCI | Fissile Material Control Initiative |
FMCT | Fissile Material Cut-Off Treaty |
GCD | general and complete disarmament |
GIRM | Graphite Isotope Ratio Method |
HEU | highly-enriched uranium |
HLW | high-level radioactive waste |
IAEA | International Atomic Energy Agency |