World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the most important international organizations in existence today. It embodies a set of disciplines that affect the ability of governments to impose trade restrictions, and has helped to support the steady expansion of international trade since the 1950s. The WTO has been the focus of vociferous protests by anti-globalization activists and has experienced great difficulties in agreeing to new trade rules since its establishment. At the same time it has become the premier global forum for the settlement of trade disputes and has proven to provide a robust framework for international cooperation in the trade area. This book separates the facts from the propaganda and provides an accessible overview of the WTOs history, structure, and policies as well as a discussion of the future of the organization. It also confronts the criticisms of the WTO and assesses their validity.
New to the second edition:
Discussion of legislative amendments to the WTO Agreement, in particular Aid for Trade, the Agreement on Trade Facilitation and the Bali Package.
Evaluation of case law developments and major disputes since 2007, including analysis of the WTO and the financial crisisin particular the trade policy responses of WTO members.
Reflection on recent shifts to mega-regional agreements (TPP, TiSA, TTIP) and their implications.
What next post Bali?
Fully updated throughout, this book continues to be essential reading for students of international trade, international political economy, commercial law and international organizations as well as activists and others interested in a balanced account of a key global institution.
Bernard M. Hoekman is Professor and Director of Global Economics at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence, Italy.
Petros C. Mavroidis is Edwin B. Parker Professor of Foreign and Comparative Law at Columbia University, USA, and Professor of Law at the University of Neuchtel, Switzerland.
Global Institutions
Edited by Thomas G. Weiss
The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA
and Rorden Wilkinson
University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
About the series
The Global Institutions Series provides cutting-edge books about many aspects of what we know as global governance. It emerges fromour shared frustrations with the state of available knowledgeelectronic and print-wise, for research and teachingin the area. The series is designed as a resource for those interested in exploring issues of international organization and global governance. And since the first volumes appeared in 2005, we have taken significant strides toward filling conceptual gaps.
The series consists of three related streams distinguished by their blue, red, and green covers. The blue volumes, comprising the majority of the books in the series, provide user-friendly and short (usually no more than 50,000 words) but authoritative guides to major global and regional organizations, as well as key issues in the global governance of security, the environment, human rights, poverty, and humanitarian action among others. The books with red covers are designed to present original research and serve as extended and more specialized treatments of issues pertinent for advancing understanding about global governance. And the volumes with green coversthe most recent departure in the seriesare comprehensive and accessible accounts of the major theoretical approaches to global governance and international organization.
The books in each of the streams are written by experts in the field, ranging from the most senior and respected authors to first-rate scholars at the beginning of their careers. In combination, the three components of the seriesblue, red, and greenserve as key resources for faculty, students, and practitioners alike. The works in the blue and green streams have value as core and complementary readings in courses on, among other things, international organization, global governance, international law, international relations, and international political economy; the red volumes allow further reflection and investigation in these and related areas.
The books in the series also provide a segue to the foundation volume that offers the most comprehensive textbook treatment available dealing with all the major issues, approaches, institutions, and actors in contemporary global governanceour edited work International Organization and Global Governance (2014)a volume to which many of the authors in the series have contributed essays.
Understanding global governancepast, present, and futureis far from a finished journey. The books in this series nonetheless represent significant steps toward a better way of conceiving contemporary problems and issues as well as, hopefully, doing something to improve world order. We value the feedback from our readers and their role in helping shape the on-going development of the series.
A complete list of titles appears at the end of this book. The most recent titles in the series are:
Women and Girls Rising (2015)
by Ellen Chesler and Terry McGovern
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (2nd edition, 2015)
by Julian Lindley-French
Governing Climate Change (2nd edition, 2015)
by Harriet Bulkeley and Peter Newell
The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (2015)
by Turan Kayaoglu
Contemporary Human Rights Ideas (2nd edition, 2015)
by Bertrand G. Ramcharan
The Politics of International Organizations (2015)
edited by Patrick Weller and Xu Yi-chong
Global Poverty (2nd edition, 2015)
by David Hulme
World Trade Organization
Law, economics, and politics
Second edition
Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis
Second edition published 2016
by Routledge
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2016 Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis
The right of Bernard M. Hoekman and Petros C. Mavroidis to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN: 978-1-138-82313-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-82315-0 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-74221-2 (ebk)
Contents
Figures
Tables
Boxes
AB | Appellate Body |
ACP | African, Caribbean and Pacific |
AD | antidumping |
AFT | Aid for Trade initiative |