Norman G. Owen - Compadre Colonialism Studies on the Philippines Under American Rule

THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES

MICHIGAN PAPERS ON SOUTH AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

Editorial Board

John K. Musgrave

George B. Simmons

Thomas R. Trautmann, chm.

Ann Arbor, Michigan

COMPADRES: Aurora (Mrs. Manuel) Quezon and Frank L. Murphy stand as godparents to Mary Aurora Teahan, adopted daughter of Marguerite Murphy Teahan (far right), sister and former First Lady of ex-Governor-General Murphy, as President Quezon looks on. Detroit, April 25, 1937. (Photograph from the Murphy Papers, by courtesy of the Michigan Historical Collections, The University of Michigan.)

COMPADRE COLONIALISM

STUDIES ON THE PHILIPPINES UNDER AMERICAN RULE

edited by

Norman G. Owen

Michigan Papers on South and Southeast Asia

Number 3

1971

Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 75175623

Copyright 1971

by

Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies

The University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104

Printed in the United States of America

ISBN 978-0-89148-003-7 (paper)
ISBN 978-0-472-12827-3 (ebook)
ISBN 978-0-472-90227-9 (open access)

The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Grateful acknowledgment is made to the following for permission to quote materials:

Alice Worcester Day (Mrs. Kenneth B. Day)

The Worcester Papers and the Worcester Philippine Collection.

Elizabeth O. Hayden (Mrs. Joseph R. Hayden)

The Hayden Papers.

Houghton Mifflin Company

W. Cameron Forbes, The Philippine Islands . Copyright 1928, by W. Cameron Forbes.

The Macmillan Company

Dean C. Worcester, The Philippines, Past and Present . Revised edition, Copyright 1914, 1930, by The Macmillan Company.

Joseph Ralston Hayden, The Philippines: A Study in National Development. Copyright 1942, by The Macmillan Company.

Michigan Historical Collections, The University of Michigan

Manuscripts from the Hayden Papers.

The National Library of the Philippines

The Quezon Papers.

Pacific Affairs . The University of British Columbia

Frank Golay, Economic Consequences of the Philippine Trade Act (Vol. XXVIII, No. 1, 1955).

The University Library, The University of Michigan Manuscripts from the Worcester Philippine Collection.

The authors also wish to thank publicly, for their assistance in the preparation of this volume:

Mrs. Elizabeth O. Hayden, Miss Marjory Drake, Miss

Harriett Jameson, Miss Mary Jo Pugh, Miss Debbie

de Schweinitz, Mrs. Arline Olvitt, Mrs. Roberta Owen,

Dr. Robert Warner, Dr. Sidney Fine, and, of course,

Dr. David Joel Steinberg, whose idea it was.

For generations scholars at the University of Michigan have been fascinated by the Philippines. This tradition, dating back to the nineteenth century work of Dean Worcester and extending through the career of Joseph R. Hayden, continues unabated. As a result of this scholarly contact and of the work of a great number of Michigan graduates in the Philippines, the University has a rich lode of Filipiniana. Among the many collections housed either at the University Library or at the Michigan Historical Collections are those of Dean Worcester, Justice George Malcolm, Frank Murphy, Joseph Hayden and G. Mennen Williams. The University has also been enriched by the countless pensionados, Fulbright exchange scholars, and Barber Exchange scholars who have come from the Philippines and studied in Ann Arbor.

Over the past decade as a result of support from the Ford Foundation and the federal government, there has been a new surge of interest in the Philippines, and especially in the complex interaction of Filipino and American institutions during the American colonial interregnum. Under the successive leadership of Professors L.A. Peter Gosling, Gayl Ness and John Broomfield the Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies has developed an active Philippine studies community within the University. In conjunction with Dr. Robert Warner of the Michigan Historical Collections, the University has collaborated with Dr. Serafin Quiason of the National Library in Manila to sort, catalog and microfilm the papers of Manuel Luis Quezon. One copy of that film is now at Michigan; in exchange, a copy of the Malcolm papers has been given to the National Library.

This volume is a manifestation of that continuing interest in Philippine studies. Written by a generation of post-colonial scholars, it attempts to unravel some of the historical problems of the colonial era. Again and again the authors focus on the relationship of the ilustrados and the Americans, on the problems of continuity and discontinuity, and on the meaning of modernization in the Philippine context. As part of the Vietnam generation, these authors have looked at American imperialism with a new perspective, and yet their analysis is tempered, not strident, and reflective, not dogmatic. Perhaps the most central theme to emerge is the depth of the contradiction inherent in the American colonial experiment.

Although a number of these papers were first written for a seminar I gave on modern Philippine history in the autumn of 1970, this is not a collection of those papers. Since that time, the group has been engaged in revision. The project has been entirely student-directed. The sensitive and skillful editorship of Norman Owen has brought the project to fruition. Others in the seminar contributed much though their papers do not appear here. Similarly, the staffs at the Michigan Historical Collections, the Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, and the University Library gave generously to assist at every stage. However, the credit properly rests with these dedicated students, who lingered in Ann Arbor during the summer of 1971 to finish the job, even while their professor was thousands of miles away in Europe enjoying the first glories of a sabbatical year. The University of Michigan can take pride in them; scholars of the Philippines can take pleasure at the promise of things to come.

David Joel Steinberg

Notes

See Thomas Powers, Balita mula Maynila (News from Manila) (Ann Arbor, 1971), for a brief description of these holdings.

Contents

................ Norman G. Owen

............... Michael Cullinane

.................. Frank Jenista, Jr.

......... Norman G. Owen

Joseph Hutchinson, Jr.

............... Ronald K. Edgerton

NORMAN G. OWEN graduated from Occidental College (Los Angeles), then took a B. A. Honours in History of South-East Asia at the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies. He obtained his M. A. from the University of Michigan in 1971, and is currently doing dissertation research, under a Foreign Area Fellowship, in Spain and the Philippines on The Impact of the Abaca Industry on Bicol Society in the Nineteenth Century. Previous publication: The Rice Trade of Mainland Southeast Asia: 18501914, Journal of the Siam Society , July 1971.

MICHAEL CULLINANE, after graduation from the University of California, Santa Barbara, with a double major in History and Asian Studies, went as a Peace Corps Volunteer to the Philippines, where he taught math and social studies at the Normal College in Cebu City. On returning to the United States, he went to Ohio University for his M. A. in Foreign Affairs: Southeast Asian Studies, then taught in high school for a year. He is currently working for his doctorate at the University of Michigan, with a proposed dissertation topic on the history of the Visayas in the 19th and 20th century, emphasizing local politics in Cebu.