Richard V. Barbuto - New York’s War Of 1812: Politics, Society, and Combat

CAMPAIGNS AND COMMANDERS

GENERAL EDITOR

Gregory J. W. Urwin, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

ADVISORY BOARD

Lawrence E. Babits, Greenville, North Carolina

James C. Bradford, Texas A&M University, College Station

David M. Glantz, Carlisle, Pennsylvania

Jerome A. Greene, Denver, Colorado

Victor Davis Hanson, Hoover Institution of Stanford University, Stanford

Herman Hattaway, Leawood, Kansas

J. A. Houlding, Rckersdorf, Germany

Eugenia C. Kiesling, U.S. Military Academy, West Point, New York

Timothy K. Nenninger, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Frederick C. Schneid, High Point University

Timothy J. Stapleton, University of Calgary

NEW YORKS WAR OF 1812

Politics, Society, and Combat

RICHARD V. BARBUTO

UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS

NORMAN

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Norman, Oklahoma 73069

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Copyright 2021 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. Manufactured in the U.S.A.

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ISBN 978-0-8061-6833-3 (hardcover)

ISBN 978-0-8061-6942-2 (ebook : mobipocket)

ISBN 978-0-8061-6963-7 (ebook : epub)

New Yorks War of 1812: Politics, Society, and Combatis Volume 71 in the Campaigns and Commanders series.

This eBook was converted from the original source file by a third-party vendor. Readers who notice any formatting, textual, or readability issues are encouraged to contact the publisher at .

This work is dedicated to the memory of Sergeant James R. Wheeler, Infantry, U.S. Army, Korean War. My father-in-laws love for the history of New York inspired my own.

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This work could not have been brought forward without the assistance of a small army of scholars, friends, librarians, archivists, and local historians. I am honored to thank a few.

Independent scholar Gary Gibson attempted to fill this soldiers head with an inkling of nineteenth century naval ways. He shared his vast scholarship and reviewed various chapters pertaining to the war on Lake Ontario. This work is better for his contribution. Patrick Kavanagh, a local historian on the Niagara frontier, made available countless pages of letters, articles, and newspaper clippings that filled in much of the detail and added color to the narrative. Anthony Gero, whose work on militia uniforms is unsurpassed, drew my attention to primary sources dealing with the states attempts to raise and maintain a wartime army. Kate Emerson, Niagara County Historian, brought to life Betsy Doyle, our own heroine.